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Molecular Genetics (Genetic information as a Language (3 letter long words…

- - - - Transcription
      - Info in the DNA is transcribed into mRNA using one strand of the DNA as a template
        
        Introns are removed by the spliceosome which also splices together the exons for a finished mRNA molecule
        
        Finished mRNA leaves the nucleus where it travels to a ribosome
        
        The ribosome performs Translation
        
        The ribosome brings in tRNA according to the 3 letter codons located in the mRNA
        
        each tRNA has a complementary anti-codon that also determines the type of amino acids that
        
        As the ribosome reads the mRNA, different tRNA bring in different amino acids which are attached to each other to construct an polypeptide chain or protein
        
        When the ribosome reaches a stop codon in the mRNA, the whole structure falls apart and a protein is released.
        
        1 more item...
        
        Not all of the mRNA is useful for coding for proteins. Non-coding part is called introns. Useful part called exons.
        
        RNA Polymerase is the enzyme that does the construction of the mRNA according to the DNA template
- - - - Purine - have longer bases (2 rings)
      - Pyrimidines - have shorter bases (1ring)
    - - A w/T, T w/A, C w/G, G w/C
      - Happens because base pairs must be same length (always a pyrimidine w/ a purine) and the bases must have the same number of sites for hydrogen bonding.
- - - - The enzyme DNA polymerase attaches complementary nucleotides to each of the open strands forming two identical complete DNA molecules
- - - - Substitutions
        
        nonsense
        
        missense
        
        silent
      - Insertions and deletions
        
        Frameshift
    - - Non disjunction
        
        trisomy example down's syndrom
      - Crossing over problems
        
        insertions, deletions, inversions, duplications