MODE OF TRANSMISSION

Mechanical through sap

Insect Vector

Fungi

Vegetative Propagation

Parasitic plant, dodder

Seed

Pollen
-reduced fruit set
-infected seed and seedlings

Nematode

Mite

Thrip

Leafhopper

Whitefly

Aphid

Budding

Organ like bulb

Grafting

Cuscuta sp.

image

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Paralongidorus

Xiphinema

Longidorus

Eriophyid mite

Zoosporongia

Zoospores