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Flowers and Reproduction (Flower Structure and Cross-Pollination…

- - - - several meters
        
        individual parts
- - - - produce important spores
        
        latter two organs
    - - lack either or both
    - - has both
    - - staminate flowers
    - - cattails and corn
  - - - becoming adapted
    - - bilaterally symmertrical
  - - - chemical reactions
        
        pollen and carpels
        
        prevent pollen growth
  - - - below organs
    - - above flower parts
    - - partially buried
  - - - by pollen from diff. indiv.
    - - pollination of a carpel
        
        same flower
        
        another flower on same plant
- - - - generative(small)
        
        divides and forms 2 sperm cells
        
        pollen tube
  - - - fusion of the protoplasts
        
        karyogamy
        
        fusion of nuclei
    - - triploid
        
        3 full sets of genes
  - - - flower stalk
    - - flower parts are attached
    - - 4 types appendages
    - - lack 2 of the 4
    - - lowermost and outermost
        
        4 flower appendages
        
        thickest,toughest,waxiest
        
        all sepals=calyx
    - - sepals constitute perianth
    - - referred to as male
        
        produce pollen
        
        filament(stalk)
        
        anther
    - - 3 main parts
        
        stigma(catches pollen)
        
        style(elevates stigma)
        
        ovary(megaspores)
  - - - pushes embryo
        
        into endosperm
    - - epicotyl(embryonic stem)
        
        hypocotyl(root/shoot)
    - - mature seed
        
        endosperm abundant
    - - endosperm is absent at maturity
    - - integuments mature
  - - - gametes,sperm,egg
    - - sporophyte generation
        
        trees,shrubs,herbs
        
        always diploid
    - - gametes fuse with gametes
        
        diploid zygote
    - - cannot syngamy
        
        undergoes mitosis
        
        grows into gametophyte
    - - megagametes(do not)
    - - megagametophytes(female)(megaspores)
  - - - mesocarp(middle layer)(flesh)
        
        endocarp(innermost)(tough)
        
        pericarp(fruit wall)
- - - - develops from single ovary
    - - separate carpels fuse
  - - - break open and release seeds
    - - do not