Types of crystal solids

Metallic

Covalent network solids

Atomic

Characteristics of solid phase

Examples

Unit particles

Atoms surrounded by mobile valence electrons

Molecular

Most are not solids in room temperature (Even water)

Poor conductors of heat and electricity because they have no ions

Held by

Dispersion

Hydrogen bonds

Dipole-dipole

soft to hard; low to very high melting points; malleable and ductile; excellent conductivity

Sugar is solid beacuse of its large Molar mass

The solids are soft

All metallic elements

Ionic

Make poor electrical and thermal conductors

Have low melting points

What are they:

Unit: ions

Consists of positive metal ions surrounded by a sea of mobile electrons

Allotrope

3 types of carbon covalent network solids

Elecments that can form multiple covalent bonds

Atoms held by dispersion

such as : Silicon , carbon

Examples: NaCl, KBr

Element that can exist in different forms as the same state( liquid, solid, and gas)

An ion is surrounded by ions of opposite charge

Graphite

Buckminsterfullerene

Diamonds

Hard but brittle

High melting points

By:

Rahaf Aloqail

Raghad Bajoudah

Aljoharah AlShwaish

Refal AlAmry