Types of crystal solids
Metallic
Covalent network solids
Atomic
Characteristics of solid phase
Examples
Unit particles
Atoms surrounded by mobile valence electrons
Molecular
Most are not solids in room temperature (Even water)
Poor conductors of heat and electricity because they have no ions
Held by
Dispersion
Hydrogen bonds
Dipole-dipole
soft to hard; low to very high melting points; malleable and ductile; excellent conductivity
Sugar is solid beacuse of its large Molar mass
The solids are soft
All metallic elements
Ionic
Make poor electrical and thermal conductors
Have low melting points
What are they:
Unit: ions
Consists of positive metal ions surrounded by a sea of mobile electrons
Allotrope
3 types of carbon covalent network solids
Elecments that can form multiple covalent bonds
Atoms held by dispersion
such as : Silicon , carbon
Examples: NaCl, KBr
Element that can exist in different forms as the same state( liquid, solid, and gas)
An ion is surrounded by ions of opposite charge
Graphite
Buckminsterfullerene
Diamonds
Hard but brittle
High melting points
By:
Rahaf Aloqail
Raghad Bajoudah
Aljoharah AlShwaish
Refal AlAmry