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Humanism, Lollardy and Lutheranism (Lollardy (Lollards believed in the…
Humanism, Lollardy and Lutheranism
Renaissance Humanism
They stressed the choice of the individual, rather than this being God's will only.
In England, Humanism was bound up with the struggles over education reform. Emphasis shifted from training students exclusively for roles in the Catholic Church, to training them in the law and to become public servants.
Humanism and Language
Humanism was based on the study of Latin and Greek texts, as well as Hebrew.
The Printing Press
Johan Guttenburg first assembled the printing press in Germany, 1440. The printing press was brought to England in 1476 by William Caxton.
Lollardy
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Lollardy was a sect that followed John Wycliffe, who was the first person to translate the bible into English.
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Being a Lollard would be heretic, so most couldn't openly express their views- therefore it is hard to assess the extent of Lollardy in England.
Lutherism
Martin Luther challenged the church in 1517, and it turned into somewhat of a European revolt very quickly.
Luther expressed the importance of parishioners reading the bible in their own languages, instead of a priest telling them what to believe.
Luther said the church hierachy were servants to Satan, and that the Church had degenerated into a corrupt, wordly conspiracy to subvert secular authority.
Justification in faith alone, not through good works.
Significant followers of Luther were Simon Fish and William Tyndale, they were attracted by the idea of the Royal Supremacy.
Tyndale published the first English bible, and he also wrote 'Obediance of a Christian Man' arguing the King should obey God, and therefore the King's subjects obey him.
King Henry, however, attacked Luther and wrote the 'Defence of the Seven Sacraments' and was given the title 'Defender of the Faith' by the Pope for this.
Sir Thomas More
He was an English lawyer, statesman and author. He became known as a leading Humanist scholar as he embodied the ideas of Renaissance Humanism and the rational investigation of the world.
He was Lord Chancellor from 1529 to 1532, but was sacked and executed for denying Henry the Royal Supremacy.