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modern lit themes (wars and the legacy of wars (HT (Gilled is permeated by…

- - - - elements of violence and terror still prevail in society
        
        The wall, floodlights, guards etc.
    - - "Commander" and "Guards"
        
        miltarial ranks are used to enforce the patriarchal power structure
        
        subversion of language and concepts to serve the superior (Men)
  - - - rebuilding, modernisation, increased acceptance of diversity, transgressive way of life, greater sexual expression: new pleasure seeking society
      - decline of the the Old-South
        
        = changing social structure and values
    - - remaining aggression, hyper masculinity and violent aspect of his character
        
        outlet of anger is through domestic violence, but this is almost commonplace (paralleled by Steve and Eunice)
      - Blanche assumes it is the 'uniform' that won Stella over
      - his solider status being perhaps his most redeeming quality is diminished, but he cannot adopt his ways to his the new society; allows violence to infiltrate his relationship in order to maintain his bold and domineering character
  - - - History is inherently patriarchal; the poem explores how centuries of suffering is caused by men through conflict and violence
        
        there is the female experience of grief in the face of the cruelty and destructiveness of men throughout history; women are sidelined and are forced to form a helpless tragic chorus
        
        atrocities such as war are caused by men, and women are the ones that suffer
    - - a woman's reaction the contemporary atrocities of violence and conflict, framed in the narrative of the news
        
        imagery of war and violent semantic field throughout conveys a passionate rage towards society and politics
- - - - Map woman
        
        Duffy presents the conflict with one’s sense-of-self and consequential removal of it
      - White-writing
        
        gay marriage, relationships and identity are concealed by society
    - - Work
        
        her personal identity, other roles and life are sacrificed to social identity of being a mother
      - The Diet
        
        personal identity is sacrificed in order to conform to society's beauty standards
      - Map Woman
        
        when the woman soon comes to desire an escape, in order to live elsewhere, she has to sacrifice her strong connection to her personal identity
    - - Map Woman
        
        The intimate relationship she has with her town and identity becomes oppressive; it is detached from the new and exciting changing society and so she desires an escape
      - Work
        
        confined to traditional role of mother throughout time; leads to woman's demise
    - - Beautiful
        
        personal identity is lost; the women are reduced to objects of beauty in society and the media, and there is no true sense of who they were- just how they looked and how men perceived them
      - The Virgins memo
        
        her own voice and identity is filtered through her son; no significance or individual power
  - - - memories, the past, and maintaining a sense of personal identity is crucial for Offred's self preservation and physical survival
    - - Gilled defines one's social identity by gender roles and biological abilities
        
        this restricts women to "two-legged wombs", and their experience of life and fate is determined by their ability to give birth
    - - the regime's isolation and restriction aims to remove any personal sense of identity
        
        in order to enforce a sense of insignificance
        
        prevents unity to reduce rebellions/ resistance
        
        people become's tools of society
  - - - Stanley rejects his 'Polack' identity in order to fit in with the rest of society in order to be the embodiment of the typical 1950s American man
      - Blanche tries to conceal her sordid past and true identity, by hiding from the light and rejecting realism
        
        this makes her 'incongruous' to the setting because she is unable to adapt to the new post-war society; she lives in a fantasy of unreality
    - - Stella has removed her sense of self in order to adapt to the new post-war society, accommodate her husband’s working class lifestyle and passively accept his male-dominance and ill-treatment of her
      - she has given up her past identity and self to be compatible with her husband