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EARLY MODERN AGE: HUMANISM AND RENAISSANCE (ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION…
EARLY MODERN AGE: HUMANISM AND RENAISSANCE
INTRODUCTION
HUMANISM
cultural movement
optimism
anthropocentrism
creativity
revival of classical culture
desire of
critical thinking
knowledge
Early Modern Age
finished in 1789
French Revolution
began in 1453
Fall of Constantinople
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION
Expansion of craftsmanship
products
controlled by guild
made at workshops
Domestic system
Voyages of exploration
new lands
new products to Europe
More commercial activity
new markets
new trade routes
more agriculture
more food
sold in the market
Development of banking
bankers
created new services
CREATING NEW WAYS OF PAYING
bill exchange
PRIVIDING LOANS
looked after money and precious metals
changed money
Increase of agricultural production
three-field system
societies: vulnerable
no technological advances
SOCIAL CHANGES
SOCIAL CLASSES
UNPRIVILEGED CLASSES
BOURGEOISIE
TYPES
UPPER BOURGEOISIE
urban palaces
ruling class
merchants, bankers, officials
PETITE BOURGEOISIE
humble houses
largest group in cities
not ruled by feudal lord
city inhabitants
PEASANTS
serfs of feudal lords
PRIVILEGED CLASSES
clergy
nobility
HAD
numerous privileges
high political positions
Upper bourgeosie
wealthier than nobles
CONSEQUENCES
bourgeoisie demanded
stop paying taxes
be in political positions
end of privileges to clergy and nobility
nobles married
richest families of bourgeoisie
monarchs supported both
depending on their interests
MODERN STATE
CAUSES
MORE
commercial activity
taxes
INCREASE
artisanal production
agricultural production
CONSEQUENCES
Monarchs
power over nobility
administrate kingdom's resources
consolidate their authority
strong position of powerr
court
new institutions
strengthened bureoucracy
powerful armies
more resources
weak feudal monarchy
converted
strong authoritarian monarchy
STRONG MONARCHIES
Russian
Frances
Portuguese
England
Spanish
CULTURAL CHANGES
HUMANISM
Desire for knowledge
Optimism and creativity
Critical thinking
Anthropocentrism
Vernacular languages
Classical culture
Copernicus
HELIOCENTRIC MODEL
printing press
expansion of ideas
EUROPE AT THE END OF 15th CENTURY
SMALL STATES
Pincipalities and republics
Italy divided in republics
Holy Roman Empire
along centre of europe
EASTERN EUROPE
Ottoman Empire
expand with Mehmed II
Russian Monarchy
16th
Ivan IV the Terrible
15th
Ivan III the Great
WESTERN EUROPE
English
civil war
defeated Spanish king
maintain independence
Tudor Dynasty
Portuguese
independent
French
more powerful after Hundred Year's War
Spanish
marriage of Catholic Monarchs