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Federalism (Control (Powers (Concurrent powers: Powers for both the…
Federalism
Control
Money
categorical grants: Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes or "categories," of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions.
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mandates: terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants
Powers
Concurrent powers: Powers for both the national and state governments, such as the power to levy taxes.
State powers: Control public schools,Control local elections,Set up governments, Control trade in states, provide laws for safety,health, and welfare.
National powers: controlling trade between states; creating army; coin and printing money; admiting new states; declaring war and peace; making laws for immagration
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Dependents
intergovernmental lobby: An interest group made up of mayors, governors, and other state and local officials who depend on federal funds
Teamwork
devolution: The effort to transfer responsibility for many public programs and services from the federal government to the states.
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Organizations
Systems
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Federal system: a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of individual states
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New Federalism: system in which the national government restores greater authority back to the states
Types of Federalism
Dual federalism: A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
cooperative federalism: Cooperation among federal, state, &local govts; "marble cake" federalism
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Court
Cases
US v. Lopez: The Court held that Congress had exceeded its commerce clause power by prohibiting guns in a school zone.
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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): states did not have power to tax the national bank, reinforces supremacy clause
Dred Scott v. Sandford: Supreme Court case that supported slavery by saying slaves are property not citizens. (1857)
Clauses
Necessary and proper clause: Constitutional clause that gives congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper" for executing its powers
Supremacy clause: The constitutional provision that makes the Constitution and federal laws superior to all conflicting state and local laws.
preemption: the judicial principle asserting the supremacy of federal over state legislation on the same subject
"Full faith and credit" clause: Constitution's requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state
Commerce clause: The section of the Constitution in which Congress is given the power to regulate trade among the states and with foreign countries.