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The Early Modern Age: Humanism and Renaissance (Economic transformation…
The Early Modern Age:
Humanism and Renaissance
Began: 1453
Fall of
Constantinople
Ended: 1789
French Revolutio
Economic transformation
Economic growth
development of banking.
changing money
looking after the money
precious metals of their clients
Providing loans
needed money
begin new
commercial activities
bankers
became rich
Creating new forms of payment
bill of exchange
Social changes
divided into classes
The priviledged class
the nobility and the clergy
access to high political positions and
numerous privileges:
didn't pay taxes
judge by specia tribunals
The unprivileged class
The peasants
largest group
serfs
The bourgeoisie
city inhabitants
not ruled by a feudal lord
The upper bourgeoisie
important:
merchants
bankers
officials
The petite bourgeoisie
small merchants
less important officials
all types of artisans
artists
servants
labourers
The modern state
Monarch
had more resources
more powerful
consolidate their authority
control the power of the nobility
formed powerful armies
strengthened bureaucracy
composed of
officials directly under their control
supervised the kingdom's affairs
centralised power by creating new institutions
monarchs established a court
weak feudal monarchy
authoritarian monarchy
most powerful monarchies at the beginning of the Early Modern Age were:
Spanish
Portuguese
French
English
Russian
Cultural Changes
HUMANIST PHILOSOPHY
transformations in the ways of thinking
human beings became the centre of philosophical
interest in classical culture
Optimism and creativity
The desire for knowledge
Renaissance Man
Critical thinking
reason
research
research
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES AND THE SPREAD OF NEW IDEAS
great advance
technology
scientific
16th century
astronomer Copernicus
revolutionary theory
heliocentric hypothesis
Earth revolved
around the Sun