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Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts (Characters of…
Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
Characters of Nonvascular Plants
embryophoyes
no vascular tissue
multicellular sporangia
gametangia
have somata
have a cuticle
no filaments
have parenchyma
usually small
gametophyte
larger
sporophyte
smaller
absorb minerals
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
The gametophyte generation
Morphology
leafy stems
gametophores
stem tissue
cortex
apical meristem
Water Transport
hydroids
innermost cortex
species
leptoids
mosses lack
water is conducted
along stem exterior
capillary action
rhizoids
base of stem
anchor stem
dont absorb
water
minerals
lack chloroplasts
Development
spore germinates
chlorophyllous cell
produces similar cells
process called
protonema
perennial
grow extensively
Reproduction
Antheridia
sperms in microgmetangia
Arhegoniua
eggs in megagametangia
located at the base
vase shaped
sperm maturity
antheridium opens
sperm swim
fertilize egg
Sporophyte Generation
foot
small, bulbous tissue
capsule
sporophyte generatiom
seta
narrow stalk
foot
sporangium
operculum
caplike lid
separates from sporangium
peristome teeth
cell breakage
usually 1-2 rows
calyptra
layer of cells
neck of archegonium
covers capsule top
Metabolism and Ecology
conducting tissues
critical
protects from
short-term fluctuations
air humidity
moisture availability
without vascular tissues
leaves
dessicated
some moss
tolerant
resistant to
low temps
intense UV light
others not
Division Anthocerotophyta: Hornworts
Gametophyte Generation
gametophyte
numerous chambers
parenchymatous
succulent, brittle
zygote
divides longitudinally
after fertilization
Shaped
heart
ribbon
irregular
disk formation
Gametangium development
antheridial initials
not surface cells
grows through roof
Sporophyte Generation
foot embedded
gametophore tissue
produces sporangium tissues
no seta
no discrete sporangium
sporangium
mature at tip
sterile cells
thick
Collumella
multicellular
no thickened walls
Division Hepatophyta: Liverworts
Sporophyte Generation
Seta
thin walled cells
delicate
moss like
morphology
elaters
spring shaped walls
elongated cells
Gametophyte Generation
gametophyte phase initiated
spores germinate
Two groups
leafy liverworts
gametophyte
thin leaves
slender stem
may be bisexual
Males
umbrella-like outgrowth
antheridiophore
unisexual
thallose liverworts
flat
ribbon like
bodies
thocl
air pores
no guard cells
dont close
