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Ch21 Vascular Plants without Seeds (The Megaphyll line of Evolution:…
Ch21 Vascular Plants without Seeds
Early Vascular Plants
Rhyniophytes
Earliest Fossils
no leaves, just stems
Ends of stems
Large multicellular masses of sporogenous tissue
Xylem structure
Protostele
Center= Solid xylem, no pith
Endarch protostele
Protoxylem- center
metaxylem-edge
Exarch protostele
metaxylem- center
protoxylem- edge, next to phloem
Zosterophyllophytes
What are they?
Small herbs
NO secondary growth
Sporangia lateral
The Microphyll Line of Evolution: Lycophytes
Morphology
Microphyll
leaf evolved from enation
Heterospory
Cones/Strobili
Lycophyte sporangia covers
Extant Genera
Lycopodium
Small herbs
Selaginella
Isoetes
quillworts
The Megaphyll line of Evolution: Euphyllophytes
Trimerophytes
Overtopping
unequal branching
Pseudomonopodial
1 main trunk
Origin of Megaphylls
Telome Theory
Evolution of megaphylls
Leaves evolved from branch systems
Monilophytes
Woody plants
Ferns
Equisetophytes
Horsetail/Scouring rushes
All living are herbs
No taller than 1M
Ferns
Found in almost any habitat
Devonian period
Sporophyte
Single axis
vertical/ or horizontal
The Term "Vascular Cryptograms"
"Ferns and Fern Allies"
have vascular tissue because of no seed
Reproduction is hidden
Fern Life Cycle
Rhyniophyte
