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Student Assessments for a Second Grade Classroom (Formative (Definition:…
Student Assessments for a Second Grade Classroom
Self-Assessment
Definition
A type of formative assessment where students reflect and evaluate the quality of their own work and learning, identify strengths and weaknesses, and revise as needed.
Advantages
Gets the student into the habit of checking their work before turning something in.
Good for the different levels of learning
Promotes independence and responsibility
Focuses on learning process
Disadvantages
Students may get tunnel vision, and might miss something they could have improved on if assessed by someone else.
Students who do not understand may not be able to evaluate themselves accurately.
Example
A rubric or form to fill out for a rough draft of a writing assignment.
Of or For Learning?
This type of assessment is for learning, because it is designed to improve on own work.
Purpose
To be able to reflect, evaluate, and improve upon own work, and enhance learning.
Formative
Definition:
Informal assessments to be used as check-ins for understanding during the unit.
Advantages
Gives the teacher an idea of how the students are learning, and what areas they are struggling with so the teacher can adapt the plans to better suit the students.
This type of assessment might also be advantageous to a student who does not take formal tests well.
Disadvantages
Students may not take it as seriously
Students might copy the teacher or peer's answers, making the results not as accurate or reliable.
Example
Worksheets as exit tickets, with vocabulary and comprehension questions to be done during the unit.
Of or For Learning?
This type of assessment is for learning because it is done during the unit so the teacher can adapt the lessons to improve student learning.
Purpose
To improve students' learning.
Performance-Based
Definition
This type of assessment (authentic) measures the students' ability to apply what they learned from a unit or throughout the year.
Advantages
Multiple perspectives
Student-centered, which promotes motivation
Active learning engagement
Promotes creativity
Can use other types of assessments within, such as formative or summative, or self/peer assessments.
Adaptable
Disadvantages
Time-consuming
Can be subjective
Can be intimidating
Example
Students will read a biography on an important person, create a report on the important information and perform what they found out to the class, with the option of dressing like the person.
Of or For Learning?
This type of assessment is both of learning and for learning, because of the many variations it offers, from a short response answer during the unit (formative/for learning) to a complex project at the end of the unit/year (summative/of learning).
Purpose
This type of assessment "challenges students to use their higher-order thinking skills to create a product or complete a process" (Hilliard)
Summative
Definition:
Formal assessments to be used at the end of a unit to evaluate a student's learning that is then compared to a standard.
Advantages
These assessments are taken seriously, and generally gives an accurate assessment of where the student is.
Disadvantages
Some students may know the information, but do not test well, making the results not accurate to what they actually know.
Example
End of unit test, where they have multiple choice vocabulary and comprehension questions, as well as a written response section.
Of or For Learning?
This assessment is of learning because it is at the end of the unit, as an evaluative tool of the students' work and learning.
Purpose
To evaluate students' achievements.
Authentic
Definition
Type of assessment where students use understandings to solve real-world problems.
Advantages
Multiple perspectives
Especially advantageous to kids with disabilities
Incorporates social and behavioral skills
Promotes collaborative learning
Integrates higher-order thinking skills
Promotes creativity
Can be easily differentiated
Disadvantages
Doesn't work well with broad range of skills
Subjective
Time-consuming
Example
Assignment in Fairytale unit where students write letters as one character to another character. (jfmueller)
Of or For Learning?
This type of assessment can be both of learning and for learning because of the diversity it offers.
Purpose
To be able to use knowledge and skills and apply them to real-world scenarios.
Portfolio
Definition
A type of summative assessment used throughout the year to collect and organize students' best work to display the progression of student learning.
Advantages
Provides opportunities for self-evaluation,
Alternative to formal test if not good test-taker
Promotes communication
Promotes accountability for learning the designated goals/standards.
Disadvantages
Time consuming
Student reliant; if a student loses assignments
Can be difficult to grade
Example
Open house, where students' best work over a period of time is displayed and students/parents can see the progression.
Of or For Learning?
This type of assessment is of learning because it is used at the end of a semester/trimester/year and it grades/evaluates work, and does not improve upon it.
Purpose
For students' to see their learning progress, for cumulative grading, to show parents, or to use as placement/entrance requirements.
High-Stakes
Definition
Assessments used to make major decisions based on student performance.
Advantages
Based on clearly-defined standards
Highlights gaps
motivates student performance because of its impact on final grade
Disadvantages
Can be overwhelming
Doesn't take bad test-takers into account
Doesn't assess higher-level critical thinking skills
More standards leads to teaching to test
Example
STAR testing
Of or For Learning?
This type of assessment is of learning because it tests the knowledge of the students to make major academic decisions.
Purpose
To assess progress towards state standards, and for moving on to the next grade/graduation.
Diagnostic
Definition
This type of assessment "is a form of pre-assessment that allows a teacher to determine students' individual strengths, weaknesses, knowledge, and skills prior to instruction." (Brummitt-Yale)
Advantages
Enables specific, focused learning
Allows for differentiation and scaffolding of lessons
Sets a baseline for future learning
Disadvantages
May be intimidating as the students have not been taught material yet.
May not be taken as seriously, skewing the results.
Example
Spelling Pretest
Of or For Learning?
This type of assessment is for learning because it is used to plan what areas of learning students need more help with.
Purpose
To assess where student difficulties are in order to plan lessons.
Peer Assessment
Definition
A type of formative assessment, where a peer reflects and evaluates the quality of a students' work, providing feedback and/or grades, identifying its strengths and weaknesses so the student can revise as needed.
Advantages
Encourages collaborative learning
Gives the students a chance to work together to fill in the gaps in each other's understandings of the assignment.
Peer feedback gives a wider range of ideas that the individual might not have thought of on their own.
Disadvantages
Students may be on different levels of learning.
Students may get off-task.
Students may copy off of each other.
Students may sound mean when giving feedback.
Example
Students bring rough draft of assignment in for peers to read and give feedback on, either verbally, or on a designated form.
Of or For Learning?
This type of assessment is for learning because it gives an opportunity to improve on the work and learning.
Purpose
To give and receive feedback to improve upon work and learning.
References
Brummitt-Yale, J. (n.d.). What is Diagnostic Assessment? - Definition & Examples. Retrieved from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-diagnostic-assessment-definition-examples.html
Elsworth, S. (2017, September 26). Definition of Authentic Assessment & Why It Is Useful With Students With Special Needs. Retrieved from
https://classroom.synonym.com/definition-authentic-assessment-useful-students-special-needs-6725.html
Geneseo.edu. (n.d.). Portfolio Assessment. Retrieved from
https://www.geneseo.edu/sites/default/files/sites/education/p12resources-portfolio-assessment.pdf
Hilliard, P. (2015, December 7). Performance-Based Assessment: Reviewing the Basics. Retrieved from
https://www.edutopia.org/blog/performance-based-assessment-reviewing-basics-patricia-hilliard
Hurst, M. (n.d.). High-Stakes Testing: Accountability and Problems. Retrieved from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/high-stakes-testing-accountability-and-problems.html
Jfmueller. (n.d.). Fairytale Letter. Retrieved from
http://jfmueller.faculty.noctrl.edu/toolbox/examples/crookstrtan03/letter.pdf
Lowe, J. (2017, November 21). Describe the Advantages of Portfolio Assessment for Students. Retrieved from
http://education.seattlepi.com/describe-advantages-portfolio-assessment-students-1470.html
Renard, L. (2017, April 14). The differences between formative and summative assessment - Infographic. Retrieved from
https://www.bookwidgets.com/blog/2017/04/the-differences-between-formative-and-summative-assessment-infographic
Spiller, D. (2012, February). Assessment Matters: Self-Assessment and Peer Assessment. Retrieved from
https://kennslumidstod.hi.is/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/assessment-matters-self-assessment-and-peer-assessment.pdf
Uta.edu. (2006, March). Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Assessment Methods. Retrieved from
https://www.uta.edu/ier/Resources/docs/AssessmentMethods.pdf