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Protein synthesis (genetic code - a sequence of nitrogen bases in mRNA (A…

- - - - reading frame - the way the letters are divided into codons
        
        stop codon - point where translation ends
        
        Redundancy - in genetic code protects against mutations.
        
        The A site binds a tRNA with an attached amino acid.
        
        The P site contains the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain attached
        
        E site contains the tRNA that no longer has an attached amino acid.
        
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- - - - antibiotic-resistant - mutations that give bacteria that is resistant to certain diseases.
        
        genetic disorder is a disease caused by a mutation
        
        Cancer is a disease in which cells grow out of control and form abnormal masses of cells.
        
        A somatic mutation is a mutation in a body cell
        
        germline mutations occur in the DNA of gametes and are therefore potentially very serious.
- - - - Rho-Independent Termination - RNA transcription stops when the new RNA forms a hair-pin loop
        
        Reverse Transcription - Transfer of info from Rna to Dna
        
        Retrotranscription - self-replicating segments of eukaryotic genomes that use reverse transcriptase to move from one position in the genome to another via a RNA intermediate.
        
        telomere - region of repetitive noncoding nucelotides (a type of reverse transcription that uses RNA to elongate the 3' at the end of each chromosome.)
        
        RNA replication - Copying RNA from one to another
        
        RNA silencing - gene silencing, in which the expression of one or more genes is entirely suppressed by the binding of an antisense RNA molecule
        
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- - - - In a transversion, a purine becomes a pyrimidine, or vice versa.
- - - - A silent mutation codes for the same amino acid
        
        A frameshift mutation changes the reading frame of the mRNA.
        
        The germline mutations change the DNA sequence within a sperm or egg, therefore can be passed on to descendants.
        
        Haploinsufficiency results in when a reduced dosage of a normal gene product does not produce a normal phenotype.
        
        Mutations that change the codon UUU to the codon UCU are point mutation