Protein Synthesis and Mutation

Protein Synthesis

Transcription

Genetic Code

Translation

Mutation

The two processes necessary to make a protein from the information in DNA are transcription and translation.

translation : occurs when the RNA leaves the nucleous and goes to the cytoplasm where translation occurs on a ribosome and produces a protein

transcription: happens in the nucleus, uses the DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule.

central dogma: explains the molecular transfer of sequence information

“DNA makes RNA makes protein” is the central dogma of molecular biology

small differences in the order of amino acids in proteins are enough to make us all different.

protein= biopolymer

Linear Polymers

polymers that compromise DNA, RNA, amino acid

sequence of monomers encode genetic information

The DNA sequence is used to encode RNA, and the RNA sequence is used to encode protein.

9 potential types of transfers due to 3 biopolymers ( DNA, RNA, amino acids

  1. 3 general transfers
  1. 3 special transfers
  1. 3 unknown transfers

occurs normally in most cells

occur under special conditons

describe normal flow of biological information

not belived to occur

Reverse Transcription

transfer of information from RNA to DNA

occurs in retroviruses, such as HIV, the virus that causes AIDS

RNA viruses that are duplicated in a host cell by using reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome.

Retrotransposons are self-replicating segments of eukaryotic genomes that use reverse transcriptase to move from one position in the genome to another via a RNA intermediate.