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Unit 4 (cell organelles (vacuoles-Store waste products, nutrients, and…
Unit 4
cell organelles
vacuoles-Store waste products, nutrients, and water. In plant cells it also store nutrients, and regulates turgor pressure in the cell.
nucleus-DNA is found in the nucleus, RNA is also made here; surrounded by a membrane; controls all cell activities
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cytoplasm-Part of the cell that is outside the nucleus; contains organelles and provides the perfect environment for chemical reactions to take place
centriole-Play a role in mitosis (cell division), in animal cells only - Ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. Three microtubules in each group. These are part of the cytoskeleton. Inherited from your father.
golgi apparatus/golgi bodies-Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
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chloroplast-Use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. Found in plant cells and some protists. They reflect green light while absorbing all other colors. *contain DNA
cell membrane-Double layer of phospholipids (lipid bilayer) that surrounds the cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
mitochondria-Provides energy to cell. Have a double membrane. The outside is smooth but the inner is highly folded to increase its surface area. Cellular respiration is performed here, making energy (ATP) for the cell. Has its own DNA and ribosomes.
Smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)-Assembles membrane lipids and detoxifies the cell of drugs; no ribosomes on this organelle.
Rough ER-Proteins are made on the endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes. They are collected inside the endoplasmic reticulum and transported throughout the cell. Transports and modifies organelles, highway for cell.
ribosomes-Assembles proteins; free ribosomes make proteins that will stay in the cell. Attached ribosomes (attached to the ER) make proteins that will be transported out of the cell.
cytoskeleton-Helps maintain cell shape. Its primary importance is in cell motility. It makes the cell move internally and externally.
Made of microfilaments and microtubules. (protein strands)
cell wall-Thick outer layer in plant cells. Made of the carbohydrate cellulose. It maintains the shape of these cells and creates a protective barrier. Fluid collects in the plant cell's vacuole and pushes against it, creating turgor pressure. Also found in fungi, algae, and some bacteria.
chromatin/chromosomes-plant and animal cell: strands that contain the genetic material that tells the cell how to function.
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cilia-Slender cell extension that project outward from the cell - can be used for movement of the cell or to push materials past the cell.
flagella-Whip-like appendage that extends from the body; used for movement or for sensing the environment
peroxisomes-Whip-like appendage that extends from the body; used for movement or for sensing the environment
microtubules-part of the cytoskeleton - made of tubulin-used to move substances around the cell - framework of cell
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Mitosis
A process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in haploid cell
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The steps of mitosis are Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis
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Meiosis
A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
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occurs in humans, animals, plants, and fungi
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