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Industrial Revolution-The transformation from an agricultural to an…
Industrial Revolution-The transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation.
Invention- Creating a new device.
Locomotive- Is a train car that pulls the other cars along the track.
Cotton Gin- Machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers.
Reaper- farm machine that gathers a food crop from the fields
Canal- Man-made strip of water used for irrigation or boat access to a bigger body of water.
Assembly Line- Mechanical system in a factory where articles are transported through sites at which successive operations are performed on it.
Automation- Making something automatic.
Treadle- a lever that is operated with the foot
Spinning Jenny- an early spinning machine that had multiple spindles
Shuttle- bobbin that passes the weft thread between the warp threads
Telephone- electronic equipment that transmits sound over long distances
Telegraph- an apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire
Technology- the practical application of science to commerce or industry
steam engine- external-combustion engine in which heat is used to raise steam, which either turns a turbine or forces a piston to move up and down inside a cylinder
Steamboat- a boat that’s propelled by a steam engine
Merchant- a business person who is engaged in retail trade
Union- an organization of employees that bargains with the employer
Utilitarianism- the doctrine that the useful is the good
Andrew Carnegie- He was an American industrialist and philanthropist who had a significant financial interest in an industrial enterprise and endowed education and public libraries.
John D. Rockefeller- American industrialist who made a fortune in the oil business and gave half of it away.
Industrialization- An Industry that is introduced on a large scale to a region or country.
Modernization- the act of making up-to-date in appearance or behavior
Middle class- the social class that is between the lower classes and upper classes
Bourgeoisie- People who are in between the lowest and highest class.
Proletariat- a social class comprising of those who do manual labor
Socialism- an economic system based on state ownership of capital
Karl Marx- Founder of modern communism; wrote the Communist Manifesto with Engels in 1848; wrote Das Kapital in 1867.
Revolution- a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking
Richard Trevithick- an english engineer who built the first railway locomotive
Robert Fulton-American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)
Henry Ford- An American manufacturer of automobiles who developed mass production.
James Watt- Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry.
Rural- living in the country or on a farm
standard of living- a level of comfort in terms of goods and services available to someone or a group
Tenement- a run-down apartment house that barely meets minimal standards
Urbanization- the social process where cities grow
Vulcanize- subject to vulcanization
Immigrant- People who come to one country from another country, in hopes of having a better life.
Migration- the movement of people from one location to another location
Agriculture- The practice of growing crops and raising animals.
Natural resources- resources ,actual and potential, in which is supplied by nature
Production- manufacturing, mining, or growing something for sale
Consumer Goods- Goods like food or clothing intended for direct use.
Mass Production- The production of large quantities of a standardized article.
Enclosure- Something that is sealed off with an artificial or natural barrier.
Railroad- line in which the commercial organization is responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freights
Mechanizatiation- The process of beginning to use machines, technology, and automation to do work.
textile mill- a factory in which textile were made or created
Textile- artifact made by weaving, felting, or knitting fibers together
Manufacture- Is to make or construct something.
Mill- a facility for manufacturing
Factory- A building where products are made.
Industry- Group of manufacturers that produce a particular kind of goods or services.
Cottage Industry- It is a small-scale industry that can be continued on at home by family members using their own equipment.
Infrastructure- Underlying framework of an organization or system.
Economy of Scale- The saving in cost of production is due to mass production.
Free Enterprise- Type of economy where products, prices, and services are determined by the market, not the government.
Entrepreneur- Someone who starts a new business.
Stock- capital raised by a corporation through the issues of shares
Specialization- making something suitable for a particular purpose
Shareholder- someone who holds the shares of stock in a corporation
Profit- excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time
Supply- offering goods and services for sale
working class- a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages
Demand- The act of making a request.
Market Economy- Is one in which goods are bought and sold and prices are determined by the free market, with a minimum of external government control.
Capital- Total amount of money or items with value that a person owns.
Capitalism- Economic system, business wealth, free and unfettered operation of trade markets that a business with private ownership has.
Invest- Putting time or money.
Competition- The action of attempting to do your best to win.
Monopoly- a market in which there are many buyers but only one seller
Proletariat- a social class comprising of those who do manual labor
Strike- refusal to work in protest against low pay or bad conditions
Labor- Suggest tough and physical work.
Laborer- Is a worker who does some type of physical work.
Labor Movement- Organized attempt by workers to improve their status by united action.
Corporation- Company that registers with a state government.
Laissez Faire- From the government allowing the business world to set its own course.