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Unit 4 (Quizlet ((Cytoskeleton, Helps maintain cell shape. Its primary…
Unit 4
Quizlet
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Crossing Over (Mitosis)
No, crossing over can not occur
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Steps of Mitosis
The steps of mitosis are Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis
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Vacuoles
Store waste products, nutrients, and water. In plant cells it also store nutrients, and regulates turgor pressure in the cell.
Cilia
Slender cell extension that project outward from the cell - can be used for movement of the cell or to push materials past the cell.
Nucleus
DNA is found in the nucleus, RNA is also made here; surrounded by a membrane; controls all cell activites
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Cell Membrane
Double layer of phospholipids (lipid bilayer) that surrounds the cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
Chloroplast
Use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. Found in plant cells and some protists. They reflect green light while absorbing all other colors. *contain DNA
Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Bodies
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Assembles membrane lipids and detoxifies the cell of drugs; no ribosomes on this organelle.
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Helps maintain cell shape. Its primary importance is in cell motility. It makes the cell move internally and externally.
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Cell Wall
Thick outer layer in plant cells. Made of the carbohydrate cellulose. It maintains the shape of these cells and creates a protective barrier. Fluid collects in the plant cell's vacuole and pushes against it, creating turgor pressure. Also found in fungi, algae, and some bacteria.
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Flagella
Whip-like appendage that extends from the body; used for movement or for sensing the environment
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Peroxisomes
Contain an enzyme that allows the breakdown of H₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide) which is made by cell reactions and is toxic to the cell
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Cell Organelles
smooth ER-no ribosomes, lipid components of cell membrane made here, brakes down waste and poison
mitochondria-membrane-bound organelle with a highly folded inner membrane, transforms energy from food sources, cell's "powerhouse", found in animal and plant cells
endoplasmic reticulum-estensive network of membranes with accordion folds that attaches to the nuclear membrane; site of cellular reactions and responsible for trasporting materials within the cell
microtubules-thin, hollow cylinders made of protein, maintain the shape of the cell, serve as tracts on which the organelles move, found in animal and plant cells
ribosomes-non-membrane bound organelle composed of RNA and proteins; responsible for making protein; found in animal, plant, and bacterial cells
microfilaments-small, thin, solid proteins; anchor and support organelles; found in animal and plant cells
chromatin-strands of DNA located in the nucleus,condenses to form chromosomes when cells divide, found in animal plant and bacterial cells
flagella-long whip-like projections located on outside of cell, used in locomotion, found in animal and bacterial cells
centriole-pair of small cylindrical structures composed of microtubules, used in cell division, found in animal cells
nucleus-control center for the cell, contains nearly all the cell's DNA and with it the instructions for making proteins found in animal and plant cells
nucleolus-prominent organelle in the center of the nucleus, responsible for making ribosomes, found in animal and plant cells
golgi apparatus-series of flattened membrane-bound sacs arranged like a stack of pancakes, modifies materials then packages and secretes them, found in animal and plant cells
rough ER-studded with ribosomes, involved in the synthesis of protein
plasma(cell) membrane-flexible boundary between the cell and the environment composed of phospholipid bilayer; allows materials to enter and exit cell; found in animal, plant and bacterial cells (in all cells)
cytoskeleton-cellular framework composed of microtubules and microfilaments, support structure for the cell, found in animal and plant cells
cilia-short hair-like structures located on outside of cell; used in locomotion and feeding; found in animal, some plant, and bacterial cells
cytoplasm-clear, gelatinous fluid in cells; suspends organelles, site of many chemical reactions; found in animal, plant, and bacterial cells
nuclear envelope-double layered membrane, separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, found in animals and plant cells
vacuoles-membrane bound compartment; temporarily stores food, enzymes, etc; found in animal and plant cells
lysosomes-membrane- bound sac containing digestive enzymes; digests worn-out organelles, food, and engulfs, viruses and bacteria; found in animals and plant cells
plastid-membrane bound organelle that contains pigments (usually red or brown), found in plants, chloroplast is a type of this
chloroplast-has an outer and inner membrane that contains a green pigment called cholorophyll, captrues light energy and converts it to chemical energy, found in plants
cell wall-fairly rigid structure located outside of the plasma membrane, provides protection and support, found in plant and bacterial cells
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Crossing Over (Meiosis)-Yes, mixing of chromosomes can occur.
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Cytoplasm
Part of the cell that is outside the nucleus; contains organelles and provides the perfect environment for chemical reactions to take place
Meiosis Occurs in-Humans, animals, plants, fungi
Centriole
Play a role in mitosis (cell division), in animal cells only - Ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. Three microtubules in each group. These are part of the cytoskeleton. Inherited from your father.
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Mitochondria
Provides energy to cell. Have a double membrane. The outside is smooth but the inner is highly folded to increase its surface area. Cellular respiration is performed here, making energy (ATP) for the cell. Has its own DNA and ribosomes.
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Ribosome
Assembles proteins; free ribosomes make proteins that will stay in the cell. Attached ribosomes (attached to the ER) make proteins that will be transported out of the cell.
Mitosis-A process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in haploid cell
Chromatin/Chromosomes
plant and animal cell: strands that contain the genetic material that tells the cell how to function.
Meiosis-A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
Microtubule
part of the cytoskeleton - made of tubulin-used to move substances around the cell - framework of cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum-Proteins are made on the endoplasmic reticulum's ribosomes. They are collected inside the endoplasmic reticulum and transported throughout the cell. Transports and modifies organelles, highway for cell.
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