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Unit 4 (Cell Organelles (nucleus: (control center for the cell,, contains…
Unit 4
Cell Organelles
cytoskeleton: cellular framework composed of microtubules and microfilaments, support structure for the cell, found in animal and plant cells
nucleus:
control center for the cell,
contains nearly all the cell's DNA and with it the instructions for making protiens,
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chloroplasthas an outer and inner membrane that contains a green pigment called chlorophyll, captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy, found in plants
chromatin:
strands of DNA located in the nucleus,
condenses to form chromosomes when cells divide,
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vacuoles: membrane bound compartment; temporarily stores food, enzymes, etc; found in animal and plant cells
nuclear envelope:double layered membrane, separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, found in animals and plant cells
*smooth ER: no ribosomes, lipid components of cell membrane made here, brakes down waste and poison
rough ER: studded with ribosomes, involved in the synthesis of protein
endoplasmic reticulum: extensive network of membranes with accordion folds that attaches to the nuclear membrane; site of cellular reactions and responsible for transporting materials within the cell
cytoplasm: clear, gelatinous fluid in cells; suspends organelles, site of many chemical reactions; found in animal, plant, and bacterial cells
nucleolus: prominent organelle in the center of the nucleus, responsible for making ribosomes, found in animal and plant cells
ribosomes: non-membrane bound organelle composed of RNA and proteins; responsible for making protein; found in animal, plant, and bacterial cells
golgi apparatus: series of flattened membrane-bound sacs arranged like a stack of pancakes, modifies materials then packages and secretes them, found in animal and plant cells
lysosomes: membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes; digests worn-out organelles, food, and engulfs, viruses and bacteria; found in animals and plant cells
mitochondria: membrane-bound organelle with a highly folded inner membrane, transforms energy from food sources, cell's "powerhouse", found in animal and plant cells
**plastid membrane-bounded organelle that contains pigments (usually red or brown), found in plants, chloroplast is a type of this
microtubules:thin, hollow cylinders made of protein, maintain the shape of the cell, serve as tracts on which the organelles move, found in animal and plant cells
microfilaments:small, thin, solid proteins; anchor and support organelles; found in animal and plant cells
plasma(cell) membrane: flexible boundary between the cell and the environment composed of phospholipid bilayer; allows materials to enter and exit cell; found in animal, plant and bacterial cells (in all cells)
cell wall: fairly rigid structure located outside of the plasma membrane, provides protection and support, found in plant and bacterial cells
centriole: pair of small cylindrical structures composed of microtubules, used in cell division, found in animal cells
cilia: short hair-like structures located on outside of cell; used in locomotion and feeding; found in animal, some plant, and bacterial cells
*flagella: long whip-like projections located on outside of cell, used in locomotion, found in animal and bacterial cells*
Meiosis
A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
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Meiosis Occurs in
Humans, animals, plants, fungi
Crossing Over (Mitosis)
No, crossing over can not occur.
Crossing Over (Meiosis)
Yes, mixing of chromosomes can occur.
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Meiosis and Mitosis
Mitosis
A process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in haploid cell
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