Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

The Policy Making System (Linkage Institutions (Media (Gatekeeping: the…

- - - - The passage of a law is not always the end of the policymaking
        process. Sometimes laws are passed and nothing happens
    - - powerful individuals, groups, or organizations act to suppress an issue because they fear that it public attention is focused on it, their best interests may suffer
- - - - President of the United States
        
        is the chief formulator of public policy, has a major legislative role
        
        as head of a political party and as principal executive officer of the U.S. government, is in a position to influence public opinion and thereby to influence the course of legislation in Congress
        
        Presidential aides keep abreast of all important legislative activities and try to persuade senators and representatives of both parties to support administration policies
        
        When presidents need help to form policies their staff helps them and so does the 15 Executive Departments mostly they lean towards their White House staff
        
        If policies cost money they seek advice from financial experts, in OMB (The Office of Management and Budget) and Treasury Department
        
        The president can veto any bill passed by Congress and, unless two-thirds in each house vote to override the veto, the bill does not become law.
      - Courts
        
        Supreme Court conducts judicial review, then, is the authority of the Supreme Court to review the acts of Congress, and determine if those acts meet the standards set forth in the Constitution
        
        \
      - Congress
        
        A bill goes before Congress or a regulatory agency drafts proposed rules.
        
        The process continues with adoption
        
        A policy is adopted when Congress passes legislation, the regulations become final, or the Supreme Court renders a decision in a case.
        
        When Congress passes a law, it sets down guidelines to carry out the new policies
        
        Thus, the federal bureaucracy performs three primary tasks in government: implementation, administration, and regulation.
- - - - The amount of people participating can get their interests to be seen by the government
        
        Ex) Protests, rallies, voting
        
        Policymakers such as Presidents tend to lean towards people who vote the most such as the senior citizens
        
        For example) Social Security is very important to senior citizens so policymakers try not to cut down their costs
- - - - Was the policy able to solve the issue that they were made to solve?
      - Is the policy being carried out efficiently?
      - What is the policy trying to accomplish?
    - - YES, effective!!
        
        The people would have no issues against the policy made
        
        There would not be complaints
      - NO, not effective.
        
        Then many people would call for a change or correction.
        
        There would be an evaluation, whether or not to keep the policy
        
        If the people do ask for a change then, the whole process could start all over again, which would start with the recognition of the problem.
- - - - Political Issues
        
        Key actors in agenda setting include think tanks, interest groups, media, and government officials.
        
        Because the agenda is finite, interests must compete with each other to get their issues and their preferred alternative policies, on the agenda.
- - - - Examples of very influential interest groups include The National Organization of Women, The United Farm Workers of America, and the National Rifle Association.
  - - - This allows the media to emphasize certain issues and hide others.
    - - Can include good and bad information about stuff like laws passed, debates and speeches, and appearances for their constituents.