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Immunity (active immunity- happens when being exposed to an antigen leaves…
Immunity
active immunity- happens when being exposed to an antigen leaves circulating memory cells- result of vaccination
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allergies-
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• The next time the allergen enters the body, it bonds to mast cell molecules
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autoimmune disease- • The immune system turns against specific molecules of the body allowing
cytotoxic T cells to attack healthy cells belonging to self
Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes, MS
immune system avoidance- changes in epitope expression allow an anitgen to avoid the immune system of the antigen goes into an inactive state - HIV escapes immune system
molecular recognition- central event in identifying nonself molecules, particles, and cells
innate immunity- TLR's bind to molecules or structures that are absent from animal bodies but common to a group of virsuses, bacteria, and other microbes
when an innate immune receptor activates internal defenses that respond to a broad range of pathogens
cellular defenses- rely on several types of receptors on the surface of immune cells (cell signaling)
neutrophils- circulate in the blood and are attracted by signals from infected tissues and then engulf and destroy infecting pathogens
killer cells- circulate through the body and detect an array of surface proteins characteristic of virus infected and cancerous cells
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inflammatory response- defense triggered by physical injury or infection of tissue involving the release of substances that promote swelling, enhance filtration of white blood cells, and aid in tissue repair
histamine- triggers the nearby blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable increasing resdness and local blood supply
lympohcytes- form from bone marrow and circulate through the blood and lymph recognizing specific pathogens
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humoral response- activation/ clonal selection of plasma and memory B cells, which produce antibodies that circulate in blood and lymph
activation- begins when an antigen binds to a B-cell receptor, enhanced by cytokines
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clonal selection- B-cells form clones in response to a specific antigen to amplify the cells can have
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cell mediated immune response- involves activation and clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells which identify and destroy infected cells
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