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Change under Deng - 1977 (Modernisation (ONE-CHILD POLICY (Effective in…
Change under Deng - 1977
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The Right
Led by Deng and Zhou, had clearly contrasting views for China to the Left. They wanted to end the class struggle that had dominated Chinese life since 1966.
Aimed to make the Party and the government work together to reform and modernise all aspects of Chinese life, particularly the economy. Their reforms were known as the 'Four Modernisations' (Industry, Farming, Defence and Farming)
Following the fall of the Gang of Four between 1976-80 the moderates slowly regained control of China. Deng returned in 1977 as Deputy Chairman of the Party and Deputy Prime Minister.
Deng was determined to continue the four Modernisations of Zhou and these were announced at the third Plenum of the CCP in DEC 1978. Beginning of a new era and the political dominance of Deng.
Modernisation
Deng wanted to improve and modernise China's economy.
- Old-fashioned machines and factories were slow and inefficient
- Cooperative farms could not produce enough, 1982 China had to import 13.7MILLION tons of grain
- Grinding poverty - made worse by serious droughts and floods in 2 provinces in 1980-81
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AGRICULTURE
Peasants plots were increased, and a Responsibility System for commune land started in 1978 - families were given areas of land to farm within their commune.
1983 - China had 44,000 markets were farmers could sell produce. Allowing farmers income to triple between 1977-1983
EDUCATION
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Deng restored tough examinations to prevent people from only getting into UNI based on good political records.
Key schools were located and often received the best funding, staff and students
The time students had to spend on manual labour was significantly reduced, and the amount of political education
ONE-CHILD POLICY
Population was growing rapidly and a the total was meant to rise to 1.282BILLION by 2000. A 1982 census suggested that 3/4 of the population worked in agriculture and it was growing by 12MILLION a year.
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Couples wanting to marry had to get permission from their commune and take a written test in family planning
Families with one child got housing priority, more food coupons, and better schooling
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Effective in towns were officials had more influence, less productive in the country side.
In China boys were often considered more valueable than girls, therefore hundreds of female babies were killed.