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Addiction: The continued repetition of a behaviour despite adverse…
Addiction: The continued repetition of a behaviour despite adverse consequences
Dopamine
Prefrontal regulation of behaviour inhibited
Non drug stimuli reduced salience
All addictive drugs lead to increased Dop. in nucleus accumbens
Accumbens involved in increased drive leads to overpowering salience to drug-associated stimuli: craving and seeking
What makes it addictive?
Rapid onset of action, short duration
Tolerence and withdrawal
Pleasure producing potency
Skinner's Box
Positive reinforcement: Lever press ->food. Drink alcohol feels good
Negative: Press lever to turn shock off. Drink alcohol to avoid hangover
Variable reinforcement schedule creates steady rate that is resistant to extinction
Aspects
Salience
Tolerence
Compulsion
Withdrawals
Reinstatement
What Maintains Addiction?
Social factors: family
Personality factors: impulsive, thrill seeker
Unpleasant effects when absent: withdrawal