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Henry VIII's Relationship with the Church in the years 1531-1534 (Act…
Henry VIII's Relationship with the Church in the years 1531-1534
Submission of the Clergy
In Late 1530, Henry had taken the decision that 15 churchmen would be charged with
praemunire
, in relation to those churchmen recognising Wolsey as Papal Legate.
Convocation
(the governing body of clergy) met in early 1531, they were told Henry would drop the charges if the church paid £100,000 and recognised him as the Supreme Head of the Church.
Convocation saw they had little choice in the matter, and agreed to the fine and the title.
Supplication against the Ordinaries 1532
This was a petition passed by the House of Commons. It echoed complaints about the
power of the clergy
; their power to set mortury fees and their general exploitation of the laity to their gain.
The petition also detailed concerns about the number of holy days, and then the charges of hersey made by the clergy against the laity.
Act to Remove Annates 1532
Actions taken pre-1532 were relating to the role of the church within England, now he sought an attack on Rome's financing.
Annates
: a monetary payment made by English bishops to the Church in Rome from their first year's income from their diocese.
Annates werer the primary source of revenue for Rome from England. This act now removed this source.
This issue, and subsequent Act of Parliament, did not receive full support in the House. When the Commons voted on the act,
Henry
was present in the chamber to ensure it received the support required.
Archbishop of Canterbury, Archbishop Warham.
The Archbishop was not in support of Henry's actions, and frustrated his attempts in seeking a divorce.
William Warham was in fact chosen by Catherine of Aragon to be one of her counsel in divorce proceedings, along with Bishop John Fisher.
Archbishop Warham got himself deeper into hot water when he made a statement on the
24th February 1532
, saying he didn't accept any of the actions Henry had taken in damaging relations with Rome. On the
15th March
, he went further, attacking the king in the House of Lords. Warham was accused of treason, and in particular, encouraging the views of
Elizabeth Barton
. Warham died on the 22nd August 1532.
Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII married in secret in 1533, married by Thomas Cramner, the new Archbishop of Canterbury.
Anne conceived almost immediatly, and therefore the race was on to get an annulment with Catherine. The only way to do this was to break with Rome.
Act for the Restraint of Appeals March 1533
This act forbade all appeals from England made to the Pope in Rome, on any matter regardless of whether it was religious or not.
This made Henry, as king, the
final legal authority of the land
. It was claimed England was now an Empire, and the English crown was Imperial.
The immediate impact of this act was on the
5th April 1533
, Convocation ruled that the marriage between Henry and Catherine could only be nullified by them. This made Henry's marriage to Anne legal, and Anne's child legitimate.
1534 Acts
Act forbidding papal dispensation and payment of Peter's Pence:
This placed all ecclesiastical powers in the hands of the king.It prevented the annual tax to rome of Peter's Pence.
First Act of Succession:
Made Henry and Catherine's marriage invalid, declared Mary to be illegitimate and secured the succession for any child of Henry and Anne's.
Act of Supremacy:
This act couldn't make Henry the Supreme Head of the Church, because there was a question mark over whether Parliament had the power to grant this. However, it gave Henry the ability to collect first fruits and tenths, a tax which was previously paid to Rome. It also made it an act of Treason if anyone called the monarch a heretic.