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Cultural Diversity (Ways to avoid bias,prejudice and stereotyping (Know…
Cultural Diversity
Ways to avoid bias,prejudice and stereotyping
Know and be aware of your own personal beliefs
obtain info about different ethnic/ cultural beliefs
be sensitive to behaviors and practices different from your own
remember youre not being pressured to adopt other beliefs, but you must respect them
develop friendships with a wide variety of people from different groups
ask questions and encourage questions from others to share ideas and beliefs
evaluate all info before you form opinion
avoid jokes that may offend
remember mistakes happen. Apologize and forgive
Areas of cultural diversity
family orginization
structure of family and dominant or decision making person in family
language
personal space
touching
eye contact
gestures
health care beliefs
spirituality
religion
Questions to determine family structure
Who are members of family?
Do you have children? Who will take care of them while your sick?
Do you have extended family?
Who will be caring for you while your sick?
Who is head of household?
Where do you and your family live?
What do you and your family do together for recreation?
Do you have family members who will be visiting you?
Common biases
Age
young people are physically and mentally superior to older
Education
college educated individuals are superior to uneducated people
Economic
rich people are superior to poor people
Physical Size
obese and short people are inferior
Occupation
nurses are inferior to doctors
Sexual preferance
homosexuals ae inferior to heterosexuals
Gender
women are inferior to men
Ethnicity
African American
Central and South Africa, Dominican Republic, Haiti and Jamaica
Asian Pacific American
Cambodia, China, Guam, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Pacific Island countries, Japan
Hispanic American
Mexico, Puerto Rico, Spain and Spanish speaking countries
European American
England, France, Germany, Netherlands, Ireland, Italy,Norway, Poland, Russia, Scandinavia, Scotland and Switzerland
Middle Eastern
Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kwait, Lebanon, Yemen and so on
Native American
includes Eskimos more than 500 tribes
Eye Contact
European Americans
regard eye contact during conversation as interest and trustworthiness
Asian Americans
consider direst eye contact (very rude)
Native Americans
use peripheral vision and avoid direct eye contact
Hispanic and African Americans
use little eye contact to indicate respect and effectiveness
Muslim Women
avoid eye contact as sign of modesty
India
avoid eye contact with different socioeconomic classes
Ways to achieve goal of respecting and appreciating others
listen to patient express beliefs
appreciate differences
learn more about culture and ethnic groups
recognize and avoid bias, prejudice and stereotyping
ask questions to determine persons beliefs
allow patients
Personal Space and Touch
Arabs
very close contact and touchy
French and Latin
very close hugers, handshakes
African Americans
prefer little space
Cambodia
of opposite sex may never touch each other in public
Vietnamese
allow only elderly to touch head of child
Middle Eastern
Health concepts
health is caused by spiritual forces, cleanliness essential for health, male individuals dominate and make decisions on health care
Cause of illness
spiritual causes, punishment for sins evil spirits or evil eye
Traditional healers
Traditional healers, physicians
Treatment methods
medication, charms and amulets, surgery, meditation, male health professionals cannot touch or examine a female patient
Pain response
tolerating pain is sign of strength self inflicted pain is used as sign of grief
Native American
Health concepts
health is harmony between man and nature, balance among mind, body, spirit and spiritual powers
Cause of illness
supernatural forces and evil spirits, violation of taboo, imbalance between man and nature
Traditional healers
shaman, medicine
Treatment methods
rituals, charms, masks, prayer, and meditation to restore harmony, plants and herbs, medicine bag
Pain response
pain is normal part of life, tolerance signifies strength and power
4 basic characteristics of culture
Culture is learned
children learn patterns by imitating others
Culture is shared
common practices and beliefs within cultural group
Culture is social in nature
people understand appropriate behavior based on traditions that have been passed down generation after generation
Culture is dynamic and constantly changing
group can meet the needs by adapting to environmental changes
Family Organization
Nuclear
mom, dad, children can also be single parent and child or children
Extended
includes nuclear family and grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins
Patriarchal
father or son is the authority figure
Matriarchal
mother or oldest daughter is authority figure
Talk with patients and ask questions (language)
Do you speak English as primary language?
What language is spoken at home?
Do you read English? Do you read in another language?
Do you have a family member or friend who can interpret information for you?
Health care workers are involved with many different people
not only do they take care of others, but they work with others
respect individuality
be aware of factors that cause each person to be unique
Acculturation
process of learning beliefs and behaviors of a dominant culture and assuming some characteristics
occurs slowly over a long period of time
1st Generation
likely to use language of country they came from
2nd and 3rd Generation
would use english as main language
Culture
values beliefs, attitudes, language, symbols, rituals, behaviors and customs unique to particular group of people
Race
Classification of people based on physical or biological characteristics
color of skin, hair and eyes
facial features
blood types
bone structure
frequently used to label a group of people and explain patterns of behavior
Cultural Diversity
differences among people resulting from cultural, ethnic and racial factors
Bias
preference or inclination that inhibits impartial judgement
Prejudice
strong feelings or beliefs about a person or subject; prejudging others without reviewing facts or information
Stereotyping
making the assumption that everyone in a group is the same
Example: all blondes are dumb
Holistic Care
care that provides for well being of whole person and meets not only physical
Religion
organized system of beliefs in superhuman power or higher power
Atheist
person who doesn't believe in deity
Agnostic
individual who believes that existence of God cannot be proved or disapproved
Monotheists
believe in existence of God ac characteristics of Judaism, Christianity and Islamic religion
Polytheist
worship and belive in many Gods, like Chinese folk religion, Hinduism and some believe of Buddhism