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IONIC BONDING (The Forming of Ionic Bond (WHY (To achieve the stable octet…
IONIC BONDING
The Forming of Ionic Bond
WHY
To achieve the stable octet or duplet electron configuration by gaining or losing valence electrons
HOW
The opposite charge between ions resulting from transferring electrons are held together by electrostatic forces
metal x non-metal
cations(+) x anions(-)
electrons loss(+) x electrons received(-)
group 1,2,13(+) x group 15,16,17(-)
electronegative (+) x electropositive(-)
WHAT
WHERE
Properties of Ionic Compounds
chemical
a large amount of heat energy is needed to break the electrostatic force between the ions in the lattice
higher boiling point
higher melting point
non-volatile
volatility
- tendency of a substance to vaporize
solubility
a solid(the solute) becomes dispersed through a liquid(the solvent) to form a solution
factor:
solubility is determined by the degree to which the separated particles of solute are able to form bonds or attractive forces with the solvent
soluble
ionic or polar solvent
water
insoluble
non-polar solvents
oil
hexane
methylbenzene
organic solvents
physical
solids at room temperature
electrical conductivity
able
contains ions that are able to move and carry charge
liquid state (molten)
aqueous solution (dissolve in the water)
unable
the ions are firmly held within the lattice and cannot move around
solid state
brittle
the movements of the ions within the lattice places ions of the same charge alongside each other -
repulsive force cause it to split
POLYATOMIC IONS
ions that made up more than one electron
commonly occurring compounds
Formulae