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Protein Synthesis and Mutation (Protein Synthesis (Central Dogma of…
Protein Synthesis and Mutation
Genetic Code
made of sequence of nitrogen bases
A,U,C,G
RNA
Make up genetic code
three letters grouped to make words
called codon
one amino acid unless start or stop
64 possible codons
Translation
Mutation
Mutation Causes
Mutation Effects
Protein Synthesis
Nine transfers
three groups of three
three unknown transfers
Protein - Protein
Protein - RNA
Protein - DNA
three special transfers
DNA - Protein
Direct Translation
RNA - RNA
RNA Replication
antisense RNA
Single strand of RNA complementary to a mRNA strand transcribed in cell
RNA silencing
Mechanism of gene silencing
RNA - DNA
Reverse Transcription
Telomerase
reverse transcriptase uses RNA intermediate to make chromosome end 3' more
telomere
repetitive noncoding nucleotide sequences at end of chromosome
Retrotransposons
self-replicating segments of eukaryotic genomes that use reverse transcriptase to move from with RNA
Retroviruses
Causes diseases
HIV, AIDS
Three general transfers
RNA - Protein
Translation
DNA - RNA
Transcription
DNA - DNA
DNA Replication
three biopolymers
Protein
RNA
DNA
we all have the same genes but the alleles make us different.
Central Dogma of molecular biology: DNA - RNA - Protein
uses translation on a ribosome to make protein
RNA goes to cytoplasm
use Transcription to make RNA
Initiation - elongation - termination
DNA doesn't leave nucleus
Intron
regions in mRNA that do not code for proteins
exons
regions of mRNA that code for proteins
Splicing
removes introns from mRNA.