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Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS) (Clinical Signs & Symptoms…
Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)
Etiology
Insufficient surfactant production
Premature birth
Lung hypoplasia
Pathophysiology
Surfactant deficiency causes an increase in surface tension in the alveoli
The alveoli does not expand fully therefore alveolar collapse and oxygenation are issues
Clinical Signs & Symptoms
Tachypnea (> 60)
Nasal Flaring
Chest retractions
Grunting
Periodic Apnea
Cyanosis
Diagnostic Test
Chest Radiograph showing diffused bilateral infiltrates and bronchograms
Low lung compliance
Decreased lung volumes
Differential Diagnosis
Meconium Aspiration
Pneumonia
Foreign Body Aspiration
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Cystic Fibrosis
Respiratory Management
CPAP treatment
Surfactant
Intubation if respiratory failure is present
ECMO if severe