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5.1 Key Terms (Microbiology (A branch of biology dealing especially with…
5.1 Key Terms
Microbiology
A branch of biology dealing especially with microscopic forms of life (as bacteria, protozoans, viruses, and fungi).
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Gram Stain
A method for the differential staining of bacteria that involves fixing the bacterial cells to a slide and staining with crystal violet and iodine, then washing with alcohol, and counterstaining with safranin. Results in gram-positive bacteria retaining the purple dye and gram-negative organisms having it decolorized so that the red counterstain shows up.
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Fungus
Saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll and include molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts.
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Phagocyte
A cell (as a white blood cell) that engulfs and consumes foreign material (as microorganisms) and debris.
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Antibody
An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells, that functions as the effector in an immune response.
Helminth
A parasitic worm (as a tapeworm, liver fluke, ascarid, or leech).
Virus
Any of a large group of submicroscopic infective agents that typically contain a protein coat surrounding an RNA or DNA core of genetic material but no semipermeable memebrane, that are caplable of growth and multiplicationonly in living cells, and that cause various important diseases in humans, animals, or plants.
T-cells
A type of lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus.
Prion
Any of various infectious proteins that are abnormal forms of normal cellular proteins, that proliferate by inducing the normal protein to convert to the abnormal form, and that in mammals include pathogenic forms.
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