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US Court System (Supreme Court (9 Justices- 1 Chief Justice, 8 Associate…

- - - - statement of legal reasoning behind a judicial decision
    - - Written by justices who oppose the majority
    - - written in support of the majority but stress a different legal basis
  - - - “friend of the court” briefs used to raise additional points of view
        and information not contained in briefs of formal parties
  - - - May be overruled
      - Stare decisis
        
        lets previous decision stand unchanged
- - - - the losing side has issues with the trial court proceedings, the law that was applied, or how the law was applied
  - - - The party appealing
        
        Files a brief, a written agreement containing that sides facts and legal arguments which they require a reversal in the trail court
    - - The other party
        
        Argue against the petitioner's case
- - - - Interpret state laws
        
        If the parties are dissatisfied with the outcome of the trial, they can go to the Court of Appeals
  - - - Most contract cases
      - family law
      - tort cases
      - criminal :
      - probate cases
  - - - election
      - appointment for a given number of years
      - appointment for life
- - - - Amicus Curiae
        
        "Friend of the Court" used to influence and raise additional point of view that aren't included in the briefs of formal parties
      - Use courts to change policy
    - - Attorneys
        
        Access to quality of lawyers are not equal
        
        The Legal Serves Corporation can provide lawyers for the poor
      - Litigants
        
        Criminal
        
        Prosecutors
        
        The Gov't attorney bringing a law suit against some accused of violating the law, often the US Attorney in federal caes
        
        Defendants
        
        Person accused of violating the law
        
        The Jury
        
        Made up of ordinary citizens and in federal criminal cases, it is comprised of 12 juries
        
        Civil
        
        Defendants
        
        The party being sued by the plantiff
        
        The Jury
        
        Made up of ordinary citizens. In federal civil cases, the jury is consist of at least 6 but no more than 12
        
        Plantiff
        
        The party bringing the law suit
      - Judges
        
        Presides in the courtroom, and rules the issues in the trial
        
        District Judges determine the appropriate punishment and sentence for the trial
- - - - Criminal cases
        
        Misdemeanor cases
        
        Federal crimes
      - Civil cases
        
        Supervision of naturalization of aliens
        
        Review some federal agencies
        
        Supervise bankruptcy
        
        Each district includes a US bankruptcy court
        
        Admiralty and maritime law cases
        
        Civil suits under federal law and across state lines
        
        Civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States
  - - - Special courts in each district
        
        Court of International Trade
        
        addresses cases involving international trade and customs laws
        
        US Court of Federal Courts
        
        deals with most claims for money damages against the U.S. government
        
        US Bankruptcy Court
        
        Federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over bankruptcy cases
        
        Bankruptcy cases cannot be filed on the state level
  - - - Magistrate judges
        
        assist district judges in preparing cases for trial
      - District judges
        
        tries the case
      - Judges appointed for life
        
        Can only be removed involuntarily by impeachment
        
        Only 12 judges have been impeached
        
        7 judges have been convicted by the senate