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Campaigns, Nominations & Elections (Nominations (Primaries (Elections…

- - - - Matching Fund: Contributions of up to $250 are matched for Candidates who meet conditions, such as limited spending.
      - Direct Mail is used to generate support and money for the candidate.
      - Soft Money: Political contributions (not subject to contribution limits) earmarked for party-building expenses or generic party advertising.
        
        The McCain-Feingold Act (2002) banned soft money, increased amount of individual contributions, and limited "issue ads"
      - Money Campaigns use up a lot of money and takes a lot of time.
      - Impacts
        
        Party identification still influences voting behavior.
        
        Incumbents begin with sizeable advantage.
        
        Selective perception pays attention to things we all agree with.
      - Political Action Committee: created by law in 1974 to allow corporations, labor unions, and other interest groups to donate money to campaigns; PACs are registered and monitored by the FEC.
        
        PACs donate to candidates that support their cause
      - 527s are independent groups that seek to influence the political process but are not subject to contribution restricts because they do not directly seek election of particular candidates.
    - - Get media attention through ad budget and "free" coverage
      - Uses media to market a specific candidate
      - News stories focus more on the "horse race" than substantive policy issues
      - Hires media consultants to organize a successful campaign
    - - Provided full public financing for major party candidates in the general election
      - Required full disclosure and limited distributions
- - - - Selection of delegates through primaries began after 1968 by the McGovern-Fraser Commission.
      - Most delegates are chosen from primaries.
      - Superdelegates: Superdelegates are democratic leaders who automatically get a democratic slot.
    - - In a closed primary, only voters registered with a given party can vote in that party's primary.
    - - In an open primary, voters of any affiliation can vote in the primary of any party.
    - - In a blanket primary, voters can choose one candidate per office regardless of the candidate's party affiliation.
  - - - The goal is to win a majority of the delegates' support at the national party convention (2,472 Republicans or 4,763 Democrats), or the supreme power within each of the parties.
        
        Conventions are essentially a formality today.
        
        The convention meets every four years to nominate the respective party's presidential and vice-presidential candidates.
  - - - These policies and goals are debated on the second day of the convention.
- - - - state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve proposed legislation or constitutional amendment
    - - process permitted in some states whereby voters may put proposed changes in the state constitution to a vote, given a sufficient number of signatures
  - - - a system adopted by the states that requires voters to register well in advance of the election day
    - - passed in 1993, requires states to permit people to register to vote when they apply for their driver’s license
  - - - More educated are more likely to vote
    - - Females are more likely to vote
    - - Married people are more likely to vote
    - - Union members are more likely to vote
    - - Caucasians are more likely to vote. BUT, other ethnicities are higher with comparable education
    - - Older means more likely to vote
  - - - The idea that the winning candidate has a mandate from the people to carry out his or her platforms and politics
    - - People still generally vote for a party they agree with.
      - Many more voters make an individual voting decision and are up for grabs each election, (so-called floating voters).
    - - Basing your vote choice on issue preferences and where the candidates stand on policy issues
    - - Integrity
      - Competence
      - Reliability
      - Personality plays a role in vote choice, especially if a candidate is perceived to be incompetent or dishonest.
    - - voters cast a vote based on what a candidate has done for them lately
  - - - people within the nation accept the procedures by which rules and transfers of power are made