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Understanding Human Communication: Chapter 5 (The Value of Listening (3.…
Understanding Human Communication:
Chapter 5
Overcoming Challenges to Effective Learning
Reasons for Poor Listening
Psychological Noise
Example
: Being wrapped up in personal concerns while trying to pay attention to someone else.
Rapid Thought
Example:
Personal interests, daydreaming, or planning a rebuttal fill the mental "spare time" when someone is speaking.
Physical Noise
Example
: Sounds of traffic, music, or other conversations can interfere with one's listening abilities
Message Overload
Example:
Phone calls, emails, tweets, texts that interfere with face-to-face communication.
Hearing Problems
Example
: Hearing loss
Cultural Differences
Example
: Behaviors of a good listener are different across cultures. Americans are most impressed by listeners who ask questions and make supportive statements.
Media Influences
Example
: Mass media programming with short segments.
Faulty Listening Habits
3. We defend ourselves.
4. We avoid the issue.
2. We tune in and out.
This is my biggest issue when it comes to listening. I am easily distracted and sometimes don't realize that I have zoned out while someone is speaking. This is something I will now be paying closer attention to.
5. We miss the underlying point.
1. We pretend to listen.
This is something that I believe is actually fairly common. It easy to act is if you are listening and you can even convince yourself you are but it takes a conscious effort to actually listen to someone.
6. We tend to be self-centered.
7. We assume that talking is more impressive than listening.
Listening is an undervalued skill that gives you an advantage over a conversation.
Types of Listening
Relational Listening
: A listening style that is driven primarily by the concern to build emotional closeness with the speaker.
Analytical Listening
: Listening in which the primary goal is to fully understand the message, prior to any evaluation.
Task-Oriented Listening
: A listening style that is primarily concerned with accomplishing the task at hand.
Questioning
: An approach in which the receiver overtly seeks additional information from the sender.
Critical Listening
: Listening in which the goal is to evaluate the quality or accuracy of the speaker's remarks.
Listening and Social Support
Types of Supportive Resources
Advising Response
: Helping response in which the receiver offers suggestions about how the speaker should deal with a problem.
Judging Response
: A reaction in which the receiver evaluates the sender's message either favorably or unfavorably.
Analyzing Statemen
t: A helping style in which the listener offers an interpretation of a speaker's message.
Supportive Listening
: The reception approach to use when other's seek help for personal dilemma.
Misconceptions About Listening
Myth 2
: Listening is a natural process
Mindful Listening
: Being fully present with people-paying close attention to their gestures, manner, and silences, as well as to what they say.
Myth 3
: All listeners receive the same message
Many factors cause us to perceive an event differently.
Myth 1
: Listening and hearing are the same thing
Hearing:
The process wherein sound waves strike the eardrum and cause vibrations that are transmitted through the brain.
Listening:
The process wherein the brain reconstructs electrochemical impulses generated by hearing into representations of the original sound and gives them meaning.
Remembering
: The act of recalling previously introduced information. Recall drops off in two phrases: short term and long term.
Responding
: Providing observable feedback to another person's behavior or speech.
Listening Fidelity
: The degree of congruence between what a listener understands and what the message sender was attempting to communicate.
Next, is
understanding
. Which is the act of interpreting a message by following syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic rules.
After hearing, the next stage is
attending
. Which is the process of focusing on certain stimuli from the environment.
The Value of Listening
3.
Good listeners are not easily fooled.
4
. Asking for and listening to advice makes you look good.
2
. Listening is a leadership skill.
5
. Listening makes you a better friend and romantic partner.
1
. People with good listening skills are more likely than others to be hired and promoted.