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Cultural Diversity (understanding cultural diversity (areas of cultural…
Cultural Diversity
understanding cultural diversity
cultural and ethnic beliefs will affect behavior
healthcare workers need to be aware of these beliefs to meet the physical. social, emotional, and mental needs of individuals
areas of cultural diversity include
family organizations
language
personal space
touching
eye contact
gestures
healthcare beliefs
spirituality
religion
family organizations
the structure of family and the dominant or decision making person in a family
extended family
nuclear family and grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins
nuclear family
mom, dad, and children or single parent and child(ren)
patriarchal
the father or oldest son is authority figure
matriarchal
mother or oldest female is authority figure
Asian
health concepts
health is a state of physical and spiritual harmony with nature, balance of two energy forces: yin and yang
causes of illness
imbalance between yin and yang, super natural forces such as God, evil spirits and unhealthy environment
traditional healers
herbalist, physician, shaman healer
methods of treatment
cold remidies, herbal remides, accupuncture and accupressure, energy restore of the yin and yang
response to pain
pain must be accepted and endured silently, displaying it in public brings disgrace and may refuse pain medications
europeans
health concepts
health can be maintained by rest, diet, and exercise. Immunizations and preventive practices- good health is personal responsibility
causes of illness
outside source like germs, pollutants or punishment for sins, lack of cleanliness or self abuse
traditional healers
Nurse and Doctor
methods of treatment
Medications, surgery, prayers, and religious rituals, diet and exercise, home remedies
response to pain
some express loudly, others value self control pain can be helped by medications
hispanic
health concepts
health is a state of physical and spiritual harmony with nature, balance of two energy forces: yin and yang
causes of illness
imbalance between yin and yang, super natural forces such as God, evil spirits and unhealthy environment
traditional healers
Herbalist, Physician, Shaman healer
methods of treatment
cold remedies, herbal remedies, acupuncture and acupressure, energy restore of the yin and yang
response to pain
Pain must be accepted and endured silently. Displaying it in public brings disgrace- may refuse pain medication
europeans
health concepts
health can be maintained by rest, diet, and exercise. Immunizations and preventive practices- good health is personal responsibility
causes of illness
traditional healers
methods of treatment
response to pain
culture, ethnicity, and race
healthcare workers are involved with many different people
not only will you take care of others, but you will work with others
respect individuality
be aware of factors that cause each person to be unique
uniqueness is influenced by many things including physical appearence
culture
defined as values, beliefs, attitudes, language, symbols, rituals, behaviors, and customs unique to a particular group of people
passed from one generation to another
often defined set of rules because culture provides us with an individual blueprint or general design for living
foundation of behavior, but variances (culture is not uniform among all members of a group and individuals within a cultural group
ethnicity
classification of people based on national origin and/or culture
members of an ethnic group can share common heritage, geographic location, national origin, social customs, language, and beliefs
every individual in an ethnic group might not practice all beliefs, they are still influenced by them
common ethnic group and their countries of origin
african american
central and south africa, dominican republic, haiti, and jamaica
asian/pacific american
cambodia, china, guam, hawaii, india, indonesia, pacific island countries, japan, korea, loas, philipines, samoa, and vietnam
hispanic american
mexico, puerto rico, spain, and spanish speaking countries in central and south america
european american
england, france, germany, the netherlands, ireland, italy, norway, poland, russia, scandinavia, scotland, and switzerland
middle eastern/arabic american
egypt, iran, iraq, kuwait, lebanon, yemen
native american and eskimos
more than 500 tribes
cultural diversity
is the difference among people resulting from cultural, ethnic, and racial factors
these differences influence a person's behavior
very important to remember that differences exist within an ethnic/cultural groups and in individuals within a group
in previous year, the US was called a melting pot, now it is striving to become more like a salad bowl
bias, prejudice, and stereotyping
bias
preference or inclination that inhibits impartial judgement
individuals who believe in the supremacy of their own ethnic group
common biases
age-young people are physically and mentally superior to old people
education-college educated individuals are superior to uneducated people
economic-rich people are superior to poor people
physical size - obese and short are inferior
occupation - nurses are inferior to doctors
sexual preference - homosexuals are inferior to heterosexuals
gender - women are inferior to men
prejudice
strong feelings or beliefs about a person or subject; pre-juding others without reviewing facts or information; often based on fear
stereotyping
making the assumption that everyone in a group is the same
ways to avoid bias, prejudice, and stereotyping
know and be consciously aware of your own personal and professional beliefs
obtain as much information as possible about different ethnic/cultural beliefs
be sensitive to behaviors and practices different than your own
remember you are not being pressure to adopt their beliefs, but you must respect them
develop friendships with a wide variety of people from different groups
ask questions and encourage questions from others to share ideas and beliefs
evaluate all information before you form an opinion
be open to differences
avoid jokes that may offend
remember that mistakes happen. apologize and forgive
South African
health concepts
maintain harmony of body, mind, and spirit, harmony with nature, illness can be prevented by diet, rest, and cleanliness
cause of illness
conflict, shame or disharmony in life. Punishment from God, spirits, and demons
traditional healers
restore harmony, prayer, and meditation, herbs, roots, and charms
response to pain
tolerating pain is a sign of strength
acculturation
process of learning the beliefs and behaviors of a dominant culture and assuming some of the characteristics
every individual has a unique blend of characteristics and as a healthcare worker it is important to remember these factors and also that not everyone is 100% anything
need to develop sensitivity to differences
sensitivity is the ability to recognize and appreciate the personal characteristics of others
race
classification of people based on physical or biological characteristics
color of skin, hair, and eyes
facial features
blood types
bone structures
frequently used to label a group of people and explain patterns of behavior
race cuts across multiple ethnic and cultural groups
language
in the US, dominant language is english but US census bureau verified more than 20% of population younger than 65 speaks a language other than english at home
variations within a language caused by different dialects
Personal space, touch, eye contact, and gestures
personal space
arabs very close contact and touchy
french and latin americans tend to be very close hugs and handshakes
African americans prefer a little space between you
cambodia member of opposite sex may never touch each other in public, not even brothers and sisters. only a person can touch the head of a child
viatnamese allow only elderly to touch head of child because head is considered sacred
eye contact
european americansregard eye contact during a conversation as interest and trustworthiness
asian americans consider direct eye contact very rude
native americans may use peripheral vision and avoid direct eye contact
hispanic americans use little eye contact to indicate respect and affectiveness
muslim women avoid eye contact as a sign of modesty
india avoid eye contact with different socioeconomic classes
even though differences exist...
there are 4 basic characteristics of culture
culture is learned, it does not just happen, it is taught by others
children learn patterns by imitating others
culture is shared
common practices and beliefs are shared within a cultural group
culture is social in nature
people in a cultural group understand appropriate behavior based on traditions that have been passed down generation to generation
culture is dynamic and constantly changing
group can meet the needs by adapting to environmental changes