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Chapter 11: Achievement, Work, and Careers
Carmen Carusone (Achievement,…
Chapter 11: Achievement, Work, and Careers
Carmen Carusone
Adolescence presents new pressures for achievement in secondary schools. Whether they adapt to pressures stems from psychological, motivational, and contextual factors
Social Relationships are key: parents, peers, teachers, & mentors play role in achievement. Ethnicity, SES, and culture influence as well
Motivational obstacles to achievement; Can be overcome by identifying values/goals, better time management, dividing tasks into smaller parts
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Achievement Processes
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Goal setting, purpose, and planning
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:question: 1. How can schools better teach adolescents achievement processes and positive psychology?
:question: 2. Should teachers be trained in positive psychology and incorporate achievement processes into their own lives?
Adolescents less likely to hold full time jobs than in past, but much more likely to have part time job.
Advantages: learn business world, manage money/budget, pride in accomplishments & evaluate goals
Disadvantages: reduced time for activities, socializing, sleep, & schoolwork
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Working during college helps pay for education but results in more stress & reduces likelihood of graduation
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:question: 1. Should schools encourage students to search for part-time jobs? How could they provide such services?
:question: 2. How can teachers support students who have to work to support themselves?
Although adolescents often have fantasy careers, they do not often have an adequate plan to reach their aspirations. Career decisions become more serious in late teens/early 20s
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Career development linked to identity development; better sense of identity = better able to articulate career plans. In line w/ Erikson's theory b/c vocational identity plays a key role in identity development
Influenced by socioeconomic status, parents, peers, schools, gender, ethnicity
:question: 1. What influence does cognitive development and moral development have on career decision making?
:question: 2. Are adolescents with positive parent relationships more likely to follow similar career paths as their parents?
Glossary:
- Attribution Theory - The theory that in their effort to make sense of their own behavior or performance, individuals are motivated to discover its underlying causes
- Flow - Csikszentmihalyi's concept of optimal life experiences, which he believes occur most often when people develop a sense of mastery and are absorbed in a state of concentration when they're engaged in activity
- Self-efficacy - the belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes
- Intrinsic Motivation - internal motivation factors like self-determination, curiosity, challenge, effort
- Extrinsic Motivation - External motivational factors such as rewards or punishments