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1949-1963 (The Hundred Flowers Campaign (Launched in 1956 during the…
1949-1963
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Political Change
Under Mao China became a 1 party state as they had to be able to prove they were a powerful and effective government.
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Thought Reform introduced in 1951, known as the Movement fro the Study of Mao Zedong's thought - close study of his writings and public self-criticism
Mass campaigns were organised: 1950- 3 mountains: Feudalism, capitalism and imperialism. 1951 - 3 Antis campaign against corruption, waste and too much bureaucracy. Followed by 5 Antis campaign in 1952 against bribery, tax evasion, fraud, theft of gov. property and spying
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65,000 people killed in Guangzhou and 28,000 in Shanghai. Determined to take the areas the GMD had controlled.
All organisations were closed down, including churches and all religions were attacked.
Maoist slogans appeared on walls and possible rivals were dismissed from office. One Gao Gang, committed suicide
As many as 1MILLION opponents were executed.
Land Reform
The Jiangxi Soviet had been carrying out Land reform since 1930, however the official law was passed on 30th JUNE 1950. The CCP had made the promise to peasants and therefore were under pressure to deliver.
CCP officials went out into the countryside to help the peasants categorise the members of their communities so land lords could be identified. Speak Bitterness meetings were encouraged in which peasants spoke and attacked brutal and oppressive land lords.
They became quite violent and often ended in execution
By 1952, 2-3 QUATER MILLION landlords had been killed.
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For many, land reform was a disappointment as peasants slowly realised they did not have enough money or equipment to effectively farm the land. They had to set up teams to share equipment and animals in order to make full use of the land.
Anti-Rightist Campaign
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Free expression was over and anyone who had spoken out about the regime were forced to retract their statements, many were sent to 'Thought Reform', whilst others were sacked from their jobs.
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Different motives behind the campaign -
- Genuinely encouraged free speech and felt it would help China progress but became too severe for him to handle
- Wanted to identify any opponents to their regime so they could deliberately flush them out.
Lives of Women
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Marriage law was passed in April 1950, legally placed women on an equal basis with men and broke typical patriarchal power systems.
The law prohibited child marriage
Made bigamy illegal
Made divorce easier
Feb 1951, full maternity benefit law passed.
The 1st 5-year plan
700 new production plants set up in coal, steel and petroleum-chemicals , in central China and Manchuria.
Coal Production increased from 63.5MILLION TONNES in 1952, to 124MILLION TONNES in 1957
Nationally expenditure rose from 6,810MILLION YUAN in 1951 to 29,020MILLION YUAN in 1972.
Economy grew by 9% per annum as a result of the
Aided by the presence of 10,000 soviet advisors.
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