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Heating effect of electric currents (Different amount of current is…
Heating effect of electric currents
Conductors contain delocalised electrons
Connected to a power supply
Potential difference, p.d
An electric field, E
Forces Electrons to move
Inelastic collision
Electrons and the atoms of the conductor
The conductor to heat up
Opposite direction of current, I
The ends of a conductor
Different amount of current is obtained
R=V/I
Connected to different conductors
Differing electric resistance
Electric Power,P
Work done/ / time taken
Moving a charge
Two ends of a conductor
P=VI
Voltage
V=IR
P=RI^2
P=V^2/R
P=qV/t
q/t
the current, I
At constant temperature
Ohm's Law
I α V
Ohmic conductors
Non-ohmic conductor
Resistance
R=ρ L/A
ρ is called resistivity
Temperature
ρ increases
Temperature increases
ρ decreases
Temperature decreases
Material
Electromotive force (emf),ε
Work done per unit charge
Moving a charge across battery terminals
ε=W/q
ε=P/I
Circuit
Series
I, is constant
Total R=R1+R2+R3
Parallel
V, is constant
1/R Total=1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
I1=I2+I3+I4
Kirchhoff's law
∑I in=∑I out
Kirchoff's loop law
∑V=0
Multiloop circuits
∑V is calculated
Voltage is
Loop follows direction of current
Cell from positive to negative
Loop is against the direction of current
Cell from negative to positive
Electrical apparatus
Ammeter
Connected in series
Ideal
It has zero resistance
To enable current to pass through fully
Voltmetre
Connected in parallel
Ideal
It has infinite resistance
Current is unable to pass through the voltmetre
Passes through the electrical components
Potential divider
Vary the resistance of a circuit
Electrical components
Lamp
Thermistor
Galvanometre
Wires
Joint
Crossed
Power supply
A.C
D.C
Variable resistor
Metals=
conductors
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