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Four Pests and Lysenkoism (The Four Pests Campaign (Activists were sent to…
Four Pests and Lysenkoism
Context
Changes in agriculture under the Communists Before
Agrarian Reform Law, 1950
This gave the land to the peasants, and authorised ‘people’s courts’ to try their former landlords
Mutual Aid Teams
sharing of tools, equipment, knowledge and land. To collaborate within the peasant society/community - successful
Communes
After 1953, Mao abandoned his agrarian reforms and embarked upon a much more radical programme of collectivisation and state-control of farming
Lysenkoism, 1958
Lysenko was a Soviet agricultural expert who in 1958 drafted an eight-point agricultural ‘constitution’ for China, which every farmer had to follow
Three Bitter Years, 1959-61
As a result of Mao’s agrarian changes, production fell – whilst terrified officials reported huge increases! The result was widespread famine which killed perhaps 30 million Chinese
Cadres
Sent to villages - conducted surveys
Internal Passports
Peasants needed a passport to travel from one commune to another.
Lack of Initiative
farmers lost there freedom and independence
The Four Pests Campaign
Activists were sent to villages to encourage peasant to chase sparrows.
Pots and drums would be banged to scare them from landing.
It was hoped they would die from exhaustion as they would not find time and space to rest.
A small reward was payable for the body of a bird and children as young as 5 were encouraged to climb trees to knock down their nests.
time was ted chasing 'vermin'
Agricultural constitution, 1958
Cadres afraid they’d lose jobs if they reported failures so claimed huge successes when none existed.
:
He had manipulated research to gain political influence and encouraged the purging of scientists who disagreed with him.
Trofim Lysenko was a Soviet agricultural expert.
1958 drafted an eight-point agricultural ‘constitution’ for China, which every farmer had to follow.
Party increased and so did quotas
‘Michurinism'
Lysenko based his ideas on the faulty theory of genetics of Russian biologist Ivan Michurin.
claimed that, if you treat a plant in a certain way, its descendents will naturally have those characteristics.
he claimed that crops should be planed close together to maximise production.