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Innovation Districts (Best Practices (people-centered vs. property…

- - - - While some studies have found evidence that anchor
        tenants encourage small-firm innovation
        locally (Agrawal and Cockburn, 2003), .
      - other studies found evidence that anchor tenants stifle development of innovative small firms within industry and regional economy
- - - - entrepreneurial university
        
        Academic leadership able to formulate and
        implement a strategic vision
        
        Legal control over academic resources, including physical property emanating from
        research;
        
        Organizational capacity to transfer technology through patenting, licensing, and incubation; and
        
        An
        entrepreneurial ethos among administrators, faculty, and students”
        
        mechanisms of transfer
        
        Sponsored Research
        
        Licenses
        
        Hiring of Students
        
        Spin-of firms
        
        entrepreneurship highy dependent on physical colocation
        
        Serendipity
        
        informal mechanism that leads to other mechanisms
  - - - design and organized to stimulate new and higher levels of connectivity, collaboration and innovation
    - - Anchor-plus
      - Re-imagined urban areas
      - Urbanized science park
  - - - Personalization
      - Permeability
      - Seatting
      - Shelter from elements
- - - - concerns expressed
        about the dominance and power asymmetries of the
        Hub-and-Spoke and Satellite Platform districts have
        increased as case studies have indicated Marshallian
        IDs—composed of flexibly specialized and innovative
        small firms—tend to be the exception (particularly
        in the USA) rather than the rule
  - - - high proportion of overall patents and a low
        proportion of small-firm patents. These regions remain
        innovative (many patents per capita); however,
        they have a less active small-firm sector.
  - - - low proportion
        of total triadic patents and a relatively low proportion
        of small-firm triadic patents.
      - heterogeneous collections of
        branch locations (with much of the corporate
        R&D likely located in other elsewhere).
  - - - emerged strongly in the policy
        arena driven by universities and research centres
- - - - The zoning laws requires developers
        to contribute to the special infrastructures plan and to transfer thirty percent of the built area to
        the municipal company,
      - The municipal company
        then divides the land transferred into allocating social housing, 7@ amenities, and green
        spaces
      - The zoning regulations aim to create a mixed-use, diverse, compact, and dense neighborhood.
  - - - Besides giving basic information on the district, 22@
        Barcelona’s website allows interested businesses to find office space, advertising, networking
        opportunities, and other services.148