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Culture and the Arts in the 1960s and 1970s (Science (Despite leads in…
Culture and the Arts in the 1960s and 1970s
Education
Progress in developing the education system was mixed during the Brezhnev years.
access to higher education grew more limited.
Percentage of working-age people with at least a secondary education steadily increased.
Higher education
Students accepted into universities increasingly came from professional families rather than worker or peasant households.
1980 the percentage of secondary-school graduates admitted to universities had dropped to only two-thirds of the 1960 figure.
This perpetuation of the educated elite was a consequence of the superior cultural background of elite families.
It was also often a result of their power to influence admissions procedures
Science
The race with the United States to put a man on the moon failed.
Soviet space program continued to make headway in other areas.
Progress in science was variable under Brezhnev
Despite leads in such fields as metallurgy and thermonuclear fusion, Soviet science lagged behind that of the West.
This was largely due to the slow development of computer technology.
Religion
a resurgence in popular devotion to the major faiths became apparent in the late 1970s.
continued de facto disapproval on the part of the authorities
This revival may have been connected with the generally growing interest of Soviet citizens in their respective national traditions.
Music
Many protagonists of the novels of author Yuriy Trifonov concerned themselves with problems of daily life rather than with building socialism.
The regime loosened the strictures of socialist realism
Although the state continued to frown on such Western phenomena as jazz and rock, it began to permit Western musical ensembles specializing in these genres to make limited appearances.
Vladimir Vysotskiy, widely popular in the Soviet Union, was denied official recognition because of his iconoclastic lyrics.
Literature and the Arts
greater variety of creative works became accessible to the public.
As in earlier decades, the state continued to determine what could be legally published or performed.
Persistent offenders were punished with exile or prison.
greater experimentation in art forms became permissible in the 1970s, with the result that more sophisticated and subtly critical work began to be produced.