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the mechanics of breathing and the respiratory muscles used during exercise
the mechanics of breathing and the respiratory muscles used during exercise
inspire
External intercostal muscles of the ribs have to
contract
as dose the diaphragm
This contraction
increases
the volume of the lungs ribs are moved up and out
Which intern reduces the
pressure
of air inside the lungs
The parcel presser of air is
higher outside
the lung this means air moves down the concentration gradient
air will
rush
in to the lungs through the mouth and nasal cavity
M-muscle
M-movement
V-volume
P-presser
expire
The intercostles and diaphragm
passively relax
This
decreases
the volume of the lungs
This intern
increase
the parcels pressure within the lungs compared to outside
this means air is
forced out
during physical activity
The process is exactly the same although there are some additional muscles
muscles that assist to help to feather increase the volume for inspiration
sterncleidomastoid,scalene and pectorals major
help to pull the clavicle
up and out
The proses for expiration is much more involved rather than
passively relaxing
The rib cage is forced
down
and
inwards
by the
internal intercostal
muscles
The
rectus abdominus forces
the
diaphragm upwards
both of these actions
greatly reduce
the
volume
of the lungs
increasing the pressure
meaning a
grater volume
of air is
forced out
Gases exchange at the alveoli
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the lungs is known as
external respiration
As gases are exchanged in the
atmosphere
The relative
particle pressure
of oxygen in the alveoli is
high
where as the
partial pressure
of carbon dioxide is
low
within the alveoli
however in the capillaries
The
partial pressure
of oxygen is
low
where as the
partial pressure
of carbon dioxide is
high
This means that
carbon dioxide
diffuses from the
capillaries
to the alveoli and the
oxygen
diffuses in to the
capillaries
as they will
diffuse from high to low concentration