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How the water and carbon cycles are linked and interdependent. (Atmosphere…
How the water and carbon cycles are linked and interdependent.
Atmosphere
Phytoplankton (and other plants)
Photosynthesise
Carbon store
Extract water from the soil and transpire
Atmospheric carbon dioxide has a greenhouse effect
Water is evaporated from the oceans to the atmosphere
Carbon dioxide is exchanged between these two stores
Oceans
Ocean acidity increases when exchanges of carbon dioxide aren't in balance
Solubility of carbon dioxide increases in the oceans with lower sea surface temperature
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels influence:
Sea surface temperatures and the thermal expansion of oceans
air temperatures
the melting of ice sheets and glaciers
sea level
Vegetation and soil
Water availability influences:
Rates of photosynthesis
NPP
Inputs of organic litter to soils
Transpiration
Water storage capacity of soils increases with organic content
Temperatures and rainfall affect decomposition rates and the release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
Cryosphere
Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere determine the intensity of the greenhouse effect and melting of ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice and permafrost
Melting exposes land and sea surfaces which absorb more solar radiation and raise temperatures further
Permafrost melting exposes organic material to oxidation and decomposition which releases carbon dioxide and methane
Run-off, river flow and evaporation respond to temperature change