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translators and facilities (2ND GENERATION (assembly code --- needs to be…
translators and facilities
2ND GENERATION
assembly code
--- needs to be translated by the translator
makes it slightly easier to write and understand, (but still hard!)
Must be translated (by an assembler) into machine code
consists of a set of of symbols and letters
one assembly instruction translated into 1 machine code instruction
(1:1) relationship
1ST GENERATION
machine code
---(already in binary), easy for processing because its already using is language the computer understands
very difficult to write, hard to understand and really hard to find errors
directly executed by the computer
must match the instruction set of the CPU (might need to write a new program for a computer with a different CPU
eg, 0010 could be instruction fro one type of CPU to 'add'
has to match the instruction set of the processor in the computer it is run on
the instructions for the processor have two parts
operand
8 bits and represents the data to be used or the memory location where the data can be found
opcode
always 4 bits , specifies the operation to be performed, add save, print end etc
000100001101
0001
is opcode-load, first part
000001101 is operand - 13
0001
00001101 loads 13 into memory
3RD GENERATION
run times for English-type programs,e.g java , python, VB, c# etc. translated by a compiler, NEEDS TRANSLATING ASWELL
4TH GENERATION
AI/machine learning