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Affiliation, Attraction and Close Relationships (Motives (Social Support…

- - - - Berkman & Syme (1979)
        
        More social ties= lower death from all causes
      - Coyne (2001)
        
        Happy marriage = 30% higher survival after heart attack
    - - Emotional
      - Instrumental
      - Appraisal
      - Informational
    - - Encourages people to take better care of themselves
      - Buffers stress, which positively effects help
    - - attenuates response to stress
      - Cohen & Hoberman (1983)
      - Can et al (2006)
- - - - Anterior cingula, right ventral PFC = physical pain
  - - - Secure
    - - Avoidant: distance from others, cynical view of others as untrustworthy, undependable
      - Anxious: strong desire to be close to others, fear that others won't meet this desire
    - - Dynamic attachment theory
        
        Low anxiety vs high anxiety
        
        low avoidance vs high avoidance
- - - - Langlois (2000)
        
        teachers and peers
      - Langlois (1995)
        
        Mothers
      - Locher (1993)
        
        personality judgements
    - - Men prefer women who are likely to produce healthy babies and care successfully
        
        Signs of youth
        
        High cheekbones, smooth skin (oestrogen)
        
        Hourglass shape: fertility
      - Females prefer males who provide necessary resources over a long period
        
        Status and dominance
        
        Large, square jaw, prominent brow ridges and cheekbones:testosterone
        
        Narrow waist, broad chest
  - - - Festinger (195)
      - Back (2008)
      - Ease
      - Intimacy
      - Interdependenct
    - - Mere exposure effect
      - Moreland & Beech (1992)
    - - Bryne (1971)
        
        Bogus stranger
      - reinforce/reward views
      - acceptance/understanding
      - predictability and familiarity
    - - Revealing information about oneself to another person
      - Collins & Miller (1994)
        
        Disclose more to people we like
        
        We like people who disclose more
        
        We like people more after disclosing to them
      - Show disclosure reciprocity
      - Social Penetration Theory
        
        Altman & Taylor
      - Mediated by Perceieved Partner Responsiveness
        
        Perception that partner is being responsive to needs
        
        Still face experiment
        
        Laurenceau (2005)
  - - - Dutton & Aron (1974)
- - - - Equity predicts satisfaction but not stability
        
        Van Peren (1990)
      - Absolute level of rewards rather than ratio better predictor
        
        Cate (1982)
    - - Thibault & Kelley (1959)
  - - - High satisfaction
      - Low quality of alternatives
      - High investment
    - - More willing to make sacrifices
      - More likely to continue relationship even at personal cost
        
        Van Lange (1997)
  - - - Signals commitment