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The Heart (The Heart has four chambers: Right and Left Atrium and Left and…

- - - - surrounded by one of the fibrous rings of the fibrous skeleton of the heart. The ribrous ring keeps the caliber of the orifice constant, resisting the dilation that might otherwise results from blood being forced through it at varying pressures
    - - Papillary muscles are conical muscular projections with bases attached to the ventricular wall. These will pull the chordae tendinae
        
        anterior papillary muscle largest and most prominent. arise from the anterior wall of the right ventricle; its tendinous cords attach to the anterior and posterior cusps of the tricuspid valve
        
        Posterior papillary muscle smaller than the anterior muscle, may consist of several parts; it arises from the inferior wall to the right ventricle, and its tendinous cords attach to the posterior and septal cusps of the tricuspid valve
        
        Septal papillary muscles arise formsthe interventricular septum and its tendinous cords attach to the anterior and septal cusps of the tricuspid valve
  - - - walls that two to three times as thick as those in the right ventricle
        
        Walls that are mostly covered with a mesh of trabeculae carneae that are finer and more numerious than those of the right ventricle
        
        a conical cavity that is longer than that of the right ventricle
        
        a smooth-walled, non muscular, supero-anterior out flow part. the aortic vestibule leading from the ventricular cavity to the aortic orifice and aortic valve
        
        a double leaflet mitral valve that guards the left AV orifice
        
        an aortic orifice lies in its right posteriosuperior part and is surrounded by a fibrous ring to which the right posterior and left cusps of the aortic valve are attached; the ascending aorta begins at the aortic orifice