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Imperialism (About the conference that decided Africa's fate england…
Imperialism
About the conference that decided Africa's fate
It was called the Berlin conference, it was made so that the 14 European nations could meet and lay down the rules for the division of africa.
This also lead to conflict because there was no representation of the African people, but the Europeans were involved.
They divided the continent without thinking about eh ethnic or linguistic groups that lived there
This lead to a huge conflict between the natives.
No African ruler was allowed to attend the meetings.
Only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free out of the control of Europe.
The U.S and and African representatives were missing from the meeting
The reason for coming to Africa in the first place was to gain more land and to have the natives adopt the ideas for the europeans. Such as their religion and customs.
What is Imperialism?
They could gain lands through treaties, purchases, and military conquest.
One country's domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country
It necessarily doesn't have to be a country
There were three different types of territorial control:
Protectorate: When land has its own government but its policies are guided by a foreign power. An example is Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River Delta
Colonies: territory that an imperial power ruled directly through colonial officials. An example is Somaliland and East Africa were a colony.
Sphere of influence: was the region of a country in which the imperial power had exclusive investment or trading rights. An example is Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the united states
Economic imperialism: an independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments. An example is when the Dole fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii.
Three major causes
Nationalism
Rivals built empires because of competition of power
Personal glory and profit motives
Imperialistic countries urged their citizens to move to far off colonies.
Industrial Revolution
There was a large demand for raw materials
This helped expand the markets including the financial market
There were plenty of manufactured goods so they didn't have to worry about the lack of supplies
Humanitarian & Religious Reasoning
There were religious fervor and feelings of racial and cultural superiority also the start or Racism
Some groups were forcing distant lands to learn their language and lifestyles
Then there was the spread of Western technology, customs, traditions, and religions
The Catholic and Protestant missionaries were bringing messages that ¨backwards¨ people must become ¨civilized¨ in order to do they they had to convert to christianity. They also set up churches, taught Christian doctrine, and created schools and hospitals.
What Countries became imperial powers?
The countries that become imperial powers were all ones that were advanced and had established their country quite well.
Such as France, Great Britain, Germany, Belgium, Italy, holland, Spain, Portugal, and Russia.
Effects
Negative
Africans lost control of their land and their independence. Also the breakdown of their traditional cultures and authorities, they were all replaced. the took families homes and forced the men to go out to find a job for money to provide for their family.
Many people died due to the Europeans introducing new diseases such as smallpox, and resisting the Europeans.
The continent was now divided leaving kinship groups divided causing problems in the African colonies
Positive
Colonism reduced local warfare.
Sanitation in schools and hospital improved, leading to am improvement in lifespans and literacy rates.
The economic expansion happened when the African products became valuable. Also, railroads, dams, and telephone and telegraph lines were built in the African colonies.
