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Individual Differences Anxiety (A negative emotional state associated with…
Individual Differences
Anxiety
A negative emotional state associated with arousal and characterised by feelings of apprehension and awareness of high arousal levels linked to fears and worries
State Anxiety
Arises from a specific situation and is usually temporary, It is often linked to fear of failure as well as the pressure to win. It can be caused by a fear of injury or harm, a fear of embarrassment. High levels of anxiety are linked to high levels of arousal
It is an innate or genetically determined suggesting people are predisposed to have more or less anxious personalities. A generalised feeling which is experienced in most situations. It is enduring, stable and unchanging
Trait Anxiety
Too Much Anxiety In Performance
Demotivation, giving up and avoidance due to anxiety. A loss of concentration and the missing of important cues from the environment. Anger, Aggression and a loss of temper, Increased number of mistakes when performing skills
Optimum Anxiety
Creates a heightened state of readiness which improves performance and can psych up the performer before the event. Increased level of assertiveness and channelled aggression. Improved concentration, attention narrowing and effective cue utilisation.
Zone of Optimal Functioning
This experience occurs when optimum arousal levels are achieved
Also described as achieving peak flow
This results in optimum levels of performance
Characteristics
Peak Flow is experienced with an optimal level of arousal and high motivation. eg quicker reaction and smoother shots in tennis
Performance is relaxed, controlled, effortless and movements are automatic. eg Perfect timing in a dance routine
Enjoyment and satisfaction are a key part of the performance. eg Leads to an improvement in performance raising there game
Performer is fully focused and has narrowed there attention and cue utilisation is effectively used. eg Blocking out the crowd
Controlling Anxiety
Somatic Anxiety - Somatic Techniques (Control responses to arousal and anxiety). Progressive muscle relaxation (contracting and relaxing muscle groups). Biofeedback (awareness of the body). Massage. Deep breathing
Cognitive Anxiety - Psychological relaxation, Mental rehearsal (practising and rehearsing what needs to be done). Imagery (mental pictures). Positive self talk (lead to success). Goal Setting (makes progress achievable and realistic). Negative Thought Stopping
Cue Utilisation - Focus on the important stimuli and ignore the irrelevant stimuli. Cue utilisation increases with arousal up to the optimum after this point you could become hyper vigilant which is good for individual not good for team sports