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9.3-4 (Seed structure (Outer coat (testa), Inner hole for water to flow in…
9.3-4
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Seed germination
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Giberellins cause synthesis of amylase, which will hydrolyse stored starch to maltose
Maltose is absorbed by the plumule and radicle, and further hydrolysis breaks down maltose to glucose which is used for respiration
Growth of the shoot
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Cells in the shoot apical meristem carry out mitosis and cell division repeatedly to generate the cells needed for extension of the stem and development of leaves
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Auxin and phototropism
Auxin is a main hormone which acts as a growth promoter, one of its processes is phototropism
Pollination
Before fertilization, pollination occurs, in which pollen is transferred from an anther to a stigma. Pollen grains contain male gametes, most plants use either wind or animal pollination.