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Task 2 - New Science (Psychology as a Branch of science (Darwin’s…
Task 2 - New Science
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Rise of Modern Science
Character of modern science 1. Modern science has no authorities 2. It's experimental 3. Favours mechanistic world picture to explain natural phenomena 4. Describes or explains natural things in mathematical terms
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Mechanisation: non artificial instruments investigating and explaining natural things, embraces contents of science and the methods --> reasons are bound to data + facts (not theoretical)
Progressionist approach = science bears a cumulative and progressive character
Phenomenological approach = revive the past and enter into predecessors mind (12th century) --> Distinction is not absolute!
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New Natural History (new, empiricist, non rationalistic trend in science) --> solve problems by reasoned experience
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Darwin
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= showed that living creatures evolve because of natural selection + importance of adaptation and the fact that humans may have evolved from animals
Wilhelm Wundt
18th - 19th century Germany, studied with von Helmholtz (reaction time)
Promoted experimental methods + stressed importance of introspection of higher mental processes + importance of historical method
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Natural Philosophy
17th century = modern science + scientific revolution) 19th century = science was form of engineering
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Deduction vs Induction
Deduction (general --> specific) = rationalism : Plato, Descartes, Aristotle + Catholic church
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