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Chapter 13: Experimental Research: Quasi and Single-Case Designs …

- - - - used to determine if groups of individuals are meeting a predetermined criterion from receiving a treatment condition.
  - - - design where a treatment condition is assessed by comparing the pattern of pretest responses & posttest responses from a single group of participants
        
        inspecting the pre-intervention & post-intervention behavior can help rule out potentially confounding variables.
  - - - an experimental group and a nonequivalent untreated comparison group. Both are given a pretest and posttest for measurement.
    - - Selection bias
      - Selection-maturation
      - Selection-instrumentation
      - Selection-testing
      - Selection-regression
      - Selection-history
      - Selection-attrition
    - - using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
- - - - which are
        
        A-B-A design
        
        is
        
        when the response to an experimental treatment condition is compared to the baseline responses that are taken before & after the treatment condition has been given.
        
        include
        
        3 phases are
        
        3 more items...
        
        Problem #1: ends with baseline condition
        
        Problem #2: To rule out rival explanations, it is necessary for dependent variable to revert to baseline conditions when treatment is taken away
        
        A-B-A-B design
        
        is
        
        A-B-A phases are same as A-B-A design; But second Phase B is when the treatment condition is reinstated
    - - is
        
        when a participant's behavior is slowly adjusted by changing the criterion for success over time period
      - gives
        
        attention to 3 issues
        
        Amount of change in criterion
        
        Number of changes in treatment criterion, usually 2-4
        
        Length of baseline & treatment phases
    - - focuses on
        
        successive administration of treatment to different participants, or to same participant, in several settings
      - provides
        
        evidence of efficacy of a treatment
      - avoids
        
        problem of reversibility
- - - - absence of trend over time
      - little variability
    - - visual inspection
      - statistical analysis