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Unit 10 (Chapter 62 (Henry Cowell (1897–1965) (Combined Asian instruments…
Unit 10
Chapter 62
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microtones: Musical interval smaller than a semitone (half step), prevalent in some non-Western musics and some twentieth-century music. (page 369)
flutter-tonguing: Wind instrument technique in which the player's tongue is fluttered as though "rolling an R" while he or she blows into the instrument. (page 371)
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John Cage(1912-1992
In 1938, invented the prepared piano
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Chapter 52
Sprechstimme: A vocal style in which the melody is spoken at approximate pitches rather than sung on exact pitches; developed by Arnold Schoenberg. (page 303)
Expressionism
Break from tradition, reject tonality (atonality)
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Chapter 64
process music: A compositional style in which a composer selects a simple musical idea and repeats it over and over, as it's gradually changed or elaborated upon. See also minimalism. (page 385)
minimalism: Contemporary musical style featuring the repetition of short melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic patterns with little variation. See also post-minimalism, spiritual minimalism, and process music. (page 386)
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polyrhythm: The simultaneous use of several rhythmic patters or meters, common in twentieth-century music and certain African musics. (page 386)
Steve Reich (B. 1936)
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Electric Counterpoint, III
Listening Guides
LG 55 (Sonata V, from Sonatas and Interludes)
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Medium: prepared piano
in which various materials (nails, bolts, screws, rubber, wood, leather) are inserted between the piano strings.
Form: Binary, each part repeated (A-A-B-B)
small range
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smooth, and repetitive rhythmic motion
LG 58 (Electric Counterpoint, III)
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Form: Through-composed
Harmony: Diatonic
Melody or harmony built from the seven tones of a major or minor scale. A diatonic scale encompasses patterns of seven whole tones and semitones.
Texture: Highly polyphonic, with canons
Type of polyphonic composition in which one musical line strictly imitates another at a fixed distance throughout.
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Form: each melodic idea gradually changes into something else, creating through-composed form
LG 43 (Pierrot lunaire, Part III, No. 18)
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Medium: Solo female voice and five instrumentalists, some doubling on two instruments (violin/viola, cello, flute/piccolo, clarinet/bass clarinet, piano)
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One of the distinctive features of the vocal part is the use of Sprechstimme, when the vocalist speaks approximate pitches instead of singing exact pitches.
complex counterpoint and a high degree of dissonance, pitches that sounds discordant and unstable together
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Form: Rondeau (a refrain is repeated three times: At the beginning, in the middle, and at the end)
Texture: Contrapuntal
employing counterpoint, or two or more melodic lines.
Style: Light, ironical, satirical