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Molecular Genetics (Nucleic Acid Structure (A nucleotide is composed of a…
Molecular Genetics
Nucleic Acid Structure
A nucleotide is composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
DNA Nucleotides: Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine
RNA Nucleotides: Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil, Thymine
Pyrimidine Bases: Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil
Purine Bases: Adenine, Guanine
DNA: double helix, sugar-phosphate backbone has deoxyribose sugar, bases: cytosine with guanine; adenine with thymine, molecule is very long - millions of bases contained in single molecule
RNA: single helix, sugar-phosphate backbone has ribose sugar, bases: cytosine with guanine; adenine with uracil, molecule is relatively short - 50 to few thousands of bases contained in single molecule
Chargaff's Rule: all members of particular species will have equal amounts of cytosine and guanine in their DNA
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Translation: ribosomes using information in mRNA to build particular protein by stringing particular amino acids together
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Anti-Codons: sequence of three nucleotides forming unit of genetic code in transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in mRNA.
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Central Dogma of Biology
Genetic information in DNA first transcribed into RNA in nucleus, then translated into protein in the cytoplasm
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DNA instructs ribosomes to build proteins by stringing particular amino acids together to construct proteins.
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RNA
Messenger RNA: carries instructions from DNA to ribosome
Ribosomal RNA: combines with proteins to make up ribosomes Transfer RNA: brings amino acids to ribosome
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